Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract

Background Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate therapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected from hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Totally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%) of the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia coli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus, which accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. Among the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were resistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating as more than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs. Moreover, these strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

Screening of Klebsiella Pneumoniae for Carbapenem Resistance and MIC of Imipenem

“…Our study showed that nearly 70% of isolates were ceftriaxone resistant. A similar nding was reported from Ethiopia [23] and 4 year consecutive study from Greece [18]. Cipro oxacin and o oxacin are alternative antibiotic of choice if the isolates are ESBL producers.…”

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Resource-Poor Setting

“…The resistance was lower than that in studies carried out in India, where the resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to gentamycin reached 80% in one study and 100% in another study. In the case of E. coli, the resistance ranged from 48.20% to 92.4% [31,32]. The WHO GASP statistics of several countries from 2009 to 2014 presented continual prevalent gonococcal resistance to azithromycin, but azithromycin was still effective against Shigella sp.…”

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Milk

“…Elhadidy & Mohammed (2013) and Blanco et al (2004) reported the presence of serotypes O22, O120, O2, O141 O119, O34 and O49 from E. coli isolated from raw milk samples which is in agreement to the present study. Gashe et al (2018) reported 60% resistance against ceftazidime and 59% against ceftriaxone in a prior study. Xu et al (2018) reported 20% resistance against cefoxitin, Jena et al (2018) reported 61% resistance against aztreonem and 36% against cefpodoxime in theie studies.…”