Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Campylobacter</i> isolates recovered from broilers in the Republic of Ireland in 2017 and 2018: an update

Lynch, Caoimhe; Lynch, Helen; Egan, JJ; Whyte, Paul; Bolton, Declan; Coffey, Aidan; Lucey, Brigid

doi:10.1080/00071668.2020.1758300

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…AST of Campylobacter spp. isolates from the intestines of chicken broilers from Ireland from 2017 to 2018 ( n = 350), found tetracycline resistance in 34%, ciprofloxacin in 28% and erythromycin resistance in 1.4% of isolates (Lynch et al., 2020). As with many other pathogens, and those with zoonotic reservoirs in particular, increasing antimicrobial resistance is a threat and continued surveillance, within a ‘One Health’ framework, is imperative to detect trends or novel resistance mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of sentinel surveillance of human clinical campylobacteriosis in Ireland

Brehony

Lanigan

Carroll

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The aim of this work was the establishment of a national laboratory sentinel surveillance service for human clinical Campylobacter in Ireland. This included detailed genomic molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter for 2019. For February‐December 2019, 24 clinical microbiology laboratories in Ireland submitted all PCR/culture‐positive clinical Campylobacter spp. specimens to Public Health Laboratory (PHL) Dublin one week out of every four. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria was carried out for Campylobacter spp. isolates for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin. Batch whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on cultures and analysis was performed to determine species, genotype, identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants and identify clusters. A total of 75 isolates and 366 PCR‐positive stools were received, and 277 isolates recovered (55.7% recovery from stools). Of 257 isolates characterized by WGS, 86.4% (n = 222) were Campylobacter jejuni, 11.7% (n = 30) Campylobacter coli and 1.9% (n = 5) Campylobacter lari. There were 20 clonal complexes with ST‐21 clonal complex most prevalent at 26.8% (n = 69). 50.5% (n = 140) of isolates were susceptible to all three antimicrobials tested. 39.3% (n = 109) isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant, 26.3% (n = 73) tetracycline resistant and two isolates erythromycin resistant. Congruence between phenotypic and genotypic AST was observed. There was 95.9% and 95.6% sensitivity and specificity for WGS to predict ciprofloxacin sensitivity and 98.6% and 99.5% sensitivity and specificity for WGS to predict tetracycline sensitivity. Virulence factors flaA, racR, ciaB and cdtB were detected in all isolates. WGS identified 31 potential clusters for public health alert. This sentinel surveillance of human campylobacteriosis in Ireland establishes the basis for a national reference service. Linking with other partners in a ‘One Health’ framework will help us better understand sources of infection to reduce disease burden and the threat of AMR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of sentinel surveillance of human clinical campylobacteriosis in Ireland

Brehony

Lanigan

Carroll

et al. 2021

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…are ecologically competitive and persistent even in the absence of antimicrobial selective pressure [73][74][75]. Despite a distinct rise in ciprofloxacin resistance among broiler Campylobacter isolates (3.1% to 28.9%) in Ireland between 1998 and 2000 [54,76], in 2017-8 resistance to ciprofloxacin remained stable (28.3%) [67]. Clonal expansion of resistant lineages has likely contributed to the persistence of ciprofloxacin resistance in Ireland, considering that fluoroquinolones typically account for less than 1% of all veterinary antimicrobials sold in Ireland [77][78][79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antimicrobial resistance rates of this pool of broiler-associated thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolates (resistant to at least one antimicrobial; n = 158) have been detailed previously [67], and are summarised below (Figure 2).…”

Section: Overall Distribution Of Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collection of isolates was speciated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) (Bruker, Billerica, MA, United States). Isolates were previously tested [67] for their MIC to six clinically relevant antimicrobials, namely ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and streptomycin according to ISO 20776:2006 and EC Decision 2013/652/EU [118,119]. Overall, 158 (140 C. jejuni and 18 C. coli) isolates tested were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and were subsequently tested for resistance determinants.…”

Section: Bacterial Isolate Culture Conditions and Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Circulating among Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Broilers in Ireland Over a One-Year Period

Lynch

Burke

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, very often associated with poultry consumption. Thermophilic Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) isolates (n = 158) recovered from broiler neck skin and caecal contents in Ireland over a one-year period, resistant to at least one of three clinically relevant antimicrobial classes, were screened for resistance determinants. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (n = 99) harboured the C257T nucleotide mutation (conferring the Thr-86-Ile substitution) in conjunction with other synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations, which may have epidemiological value. The A2075G nucleotide mutation and amino acid substitutions in L4 and L22 were detected in all erythromycin-resistant isolates (n = 5). The tetO gene was detected in 100% (n = 119) of tetracycline-resistant isolates and three of which were found to harbour the mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tetO/32/O. Two streptomycin-resistant C. jejuni isolates (isolated from the same flock) harboured ant(6)-Ib, located in a multidrug resistance genomic island, containing aminoglycoside, streptothricin (satA) and tetracycline resistance genes (truncated tetO and mosaic tetO/32/O). The ant(6)-Ie gene was identified in two streptomycin-resistant C. coli isolates. This study highlights the widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants among chicken-associated Campylobacter isolates, through horizontal gene transfer or clonal expansion of resistant lineages. The stability of such resistance determinants is compounded by the fluidity of mobile genetic element.

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“…Likewise, the relevance of environmental pathways via food production to human infections, even for known zoonotic organisms, but especially for commensal bacteria and transferrable ARG, is not clear (Dafale et al., 2020). As far as we know, there have been no published studies that have attempted to quantify or rank these environmental aspects, although there are descriptive studies that report the occurrence of food‐borne transmission of pathogens, such as Salmonella and Campylobacter originating from environmental contamination, including some strains which can be resistant to important antimicrobials (EFSA BIOHAZ Pane, 2019b, 2020; Lynch et al., 2020; EFSA and ECDC, 2021a).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates recovered from broilers in the Republic of Ireland in 2017 and 2018: an update

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Establishment of sentinel surveillance of human clinical campylobacteriosis in Ireland

Establishment of sentinel surveillance of human clinical campylobacteriosis in Ireland

Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Circulating among Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Broilers in Ireland Over a One-Year Period

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

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