Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans and Pet Animals

Abstract

Throughout scientific literature, we can find evidence that antimicrobial resistance has become a big problem in the recent years on a global scale. Public healthcare systems all over the world are faced with a great challenge in this respect. Obviously, there are many bacteria that can cause infections in humans and animals alike, but somehow it seems that the greatest threat nowadays comes from the Enterobacteriaceae members, especially Escherichia coli. Namely, we are witnesses to the fact that the systems that these bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics are the strongest and most diverse in Enterobacteriaceae. Our great advantage is in understanding the systems that bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics, so these can help us understand the connection between these microorganisms and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance both in humans and their pets. Furthermore, unfavorable conditions related to the ease of E. coli transmission via the fecal–oral route among humans, environmental sources, and animals only add to the problem. For all the above stated reasons, it is evident that the epidemiology of E. coli strains and resistance mechanisms they have developed over time are extremely significant topics and all scientific findings in this area will be of vital importance in the fight against infections caused by these bacteria.

Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria: In Vitro Study

“…The worldwide dispersion of resistant clinical isolates has led to the necessity to discover new antimicrobial agents [ 1 ]. Nevertheless, the earlier record of the precipitous, prevalent resistance to freshly created antimicrobial agents suggests that new families of antimicrobial agents will also have a short lifespan [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

“…In recent decades, E. coli and S. aureus have accounted for the most significant number of outbreaks, cases, and deaths worldwide [ 1 ]. To decrease health hazards and economic losses due to the emergence of these pathogens, the use of natural antibacterial alternatives seems to be an appealing way to control the incidence of pathogenic bacteria [ 26 ].…”

Improving Suppression of Hemipteran Vectors and Bacterial Pathogens of Citrus and Solanaceous Plants: Advances in Antisense Oligonucleotides (FANA)

“…specificity to the RNA target, provide a therapeutic that could treat the most serious and difficult pathogens of fruit trees or crop plants, like bacteria (Kruse et al, 2019;Sastry et al, 2019;He and Creasey Krainerm, 2020). Bacteria pose some of the greatest problems due to rapid development of antibiotic resistance that limits traditional treatment effectiveness (Kumar et al, 2020;Puvača and de Llanos Frutos, 2021). Severe crop loss, stored grain loss, and starvation are associated with plant pathogens (Pimentel, 1991;He and Creasey Krainerm, 2020).…”

“…However, bacterial pathogens cannot be targeted directly using dsRNA strategies due to differences in cellular immune and replication processing pathways (Kruse et al, 2019;Blacutt et al, 2020). Bacteria also produce protective biofilms and have rapid replication that favors selection and development of resistance to chemical or antibiotic treatments, thus bacterial pathogens are very difficult to manage (Cansizoglu and Toprak, 2017;Jiang et al, 2019;Kumar et al, 2020;Naranjo et al, 2020;Puvača and de Llanos Frutos, 2021). The HLB pathosystem is the most difficult problem globally affecting the citrus industry (Bové, 2006;Wang and Trivedi, 2013;Wang et al, 2017a,b).…”

The One Medicine concept: its emergence from history as a systematic approach to re-integrate human and veterinary medicine

“…Antibiotic overuse and misuse in both the medical and veterinary professions has been a contributory factor to antimicrobial resistance [55,56]. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli can cause severe infections in both humans and animals and can be an important reservoir of resistance genes [57]. MRSA, whilst known in humans, also occurs in animals such as horses, dairy cattle, pigs and companion animals, potentially via reverse zoonoses [58][59][60].…”