Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from the Broiler Farm Environment, with Detection of SHV-12-Producing Isolates

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is an important One Health challenge that encompasses the human, animal, and environmental fields. A total of 111 Escherichia coli isolates previously recovered from manure (n = 57) and indoor air (n = 54) samples from a broiler farm were analyzed to determine their phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance and integron characterization; in addition, plasmid replicon analysis and molecular typing were performed in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer isolates. A multidrug-resistance phenotype was detected in 46.8% of the isolates, and the highest rates of resistance were found for ampicillin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (>40%); moreover, 15 isolates (13.5%) showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics. None of the isolates showed imipenem and/or cefoxitin resistance. Twenty-three of the one hundred and eleven E. coli isolates (20.7%) were ESBL producers and carried the blaSHV-12 gene; one of these isolates was recovered from the air, and the remaining 22 were from manure samples. Most of ESBL-positive isolates carried the cmlA (n = 23), tet(A) (n = 19), and aac(6′)-Ib-cr (n = 11) genes. The following genetic lineages were identified among the ESBL-producing isolates (sequence type-phylogroup-clonotype): ST770-E-CH116–552 (n = 12), ST117-B2-CH45–97 (n = 4), ST68-E-CH26–382/49 (n = 3), ST68-E-CH26–49 (n = 1), and ST10992-A/B1-CH11–23/41/580 (n = 4); the latter two were detected for the first time in the poultry sector. At least two plasmid replicon types were detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, with IncF, IncF1B, IncK, and IncHI1 being the most frequently found. The following antimicrobial resistance genes were identified among the non-ESBL-producing isolates (number of isolates): blaTEM (58), aac(6′)-Ib-cr (6), qnrS (2), aac(3)-II (2), cmlA (6), tet(A)/tet(B) (22), and sul1/2/3 (51). Four different gene-cassette arrays were detected in the variable region of class 1 (dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA12-aadA2, and dfrA12-orf-aadA2-cmlA) and class 2 integrons (sat2-aadA1-orfX). This work reveals the worrying presence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in the broiler farm environment, with ESBL-producing isolates of SHV-12 type being extensively disseminated.

First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sports animals in Southern Thailand

“…Interestingly, all five strains of E. coli were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The previous studies reported trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in many countries such as Canada, Bangladesh, and Spain [46][47][48], including Thailand [48]. Mooljuntee et al [49] reported that 26.7% of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant E. coli were found in broiler chickens, while our study reported 21.74%.…”

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Escherichia coli Isolates: A Three-Year Prospective Study of Poultry Production in Spain

“…Colibacillosis is the leading cause of mortality (up to 20%) in the poultry industry and its prevalence is up to 36.7% [ 12 , 36 ]. Antibiotics are used to treat poultry colibacillosis cases, especially in the first week of life when the immune system of the animals is not fully developed [ 37 ]. MDR E. coli strains are a major problem, as due to the high variability observed, E. coli outbreaks happen on the same farm despite the massive use of antibiotics [ 12 ].…”

“…Despite their control, the rate of resistance to certain classes of antibiotics continues to rise [ 40 ] and different studies have demonstrated the close association between animal products and humans [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, for a long time, AMR has been centered on the clinical field, but currently it is widely recognized as a problem that affects human, animals, and the environment, which needs to be addressed from a One Health approach [ 37 ]. In fact, the overall analysis performed of antibiotic consumption and resistance, both in humans compared to humans, animal compared to animal and animal compared to human, shows the existence of positive correlations between antibiotic consumption and resistance rates, with a maximum for animal compared to animal and a minimum for animal compared to human.…”

Multifunctional Derivatives of Spiropyrrolidine Tethered Indeno-Quinoxaline Heterocyclic Hybrids as Potent Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Agents: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

“…The WHO has declared antimicrobial resistance to be one of the 10th greatest public health threats facing humanity [ 2 ]. The lack of new drug development as well as the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials remains the main factors that have led to the rise and spread of drug-resistant pathogens, which has slowed down the eradication process of infectious diseases [ 3 ]. Antibiotic resistance has gradually developed and now affects all pathogenic bacteria.…”