Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of enterococci isolated from poultry and cattle sources in Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus from poultry and cattle farms. Three hundred and ninety samples: cloacal/rectal swabs (n = 260) and manure (n = 130] were processed for recovery of Enterococcus species. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate, identify and characterize Enterococcus species for antimicrobial susceptibility and expression of virulence traits. Detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Enterococcus was recovered from 167 (42.8%) of the 390 samples tested with a predominance of Enterococcus faecium (27.7%). Other species detected were Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus durans. All the isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin, but resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin and gentamicin was also observed among 61.0, 61.0, 45.1 and 32.7% of the isolates, respectively. Sixty (53.1%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant presenting as 24 different resistance patterns with resistance to gentamicin-erythromycin-streptomycin-tetracycline (CN-ERY-STR-TET) being the most common (n = 11) pattern. In addition to expression of virulence traits (haemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm production), antibiotic resistance (tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO and ermB) and virulence (asa1, gelE, cylA) genes were detected among the isolates. Also, in vitro transfer of resistance determinants was observed among 75% of the isolates tested. Our data revealed poultry, cattle and manure in this area are hosts to varying Enterococcus species harbouring virulence and resistance determinants that can be transferred to other organisms and also are important for causing nosocomial infection.

Investigation of a Reduction in Tylosin on the Prevalence of Liver Abscesses and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci in Feedlot Cattle

“…Enterococci have emerged as a major public health concern, especially vancomycin resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium which are more difficult to treat (43). Of the 176 isolates screened for antimicrobial resistance, all were susceptible to vancomycin, a result that agrees with previous studies that have suggested that cattle feces are not a major source of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (16,44). In the present study, resistance to tylosin, erythromycin and doxycycline was most prevalent among isolated enterococci.…”

Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review

“…This category included 42 studies, with the inclusive eligibility criteria in which diverse phenotypic or genotypic methods were utilized ([14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55], Tables S1–S3). These studies sought to detect the presence and extent of AMR in collected samples with a selected panel of antibiotics.…”

“…The 80 studies excluded did not directly relate to the objectives or yielded information that could be subjected to organized peer review and data analysis. The 59 included studies were sorted into three categories of 42 antimicrobial resistance studies [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55], 16 antimicrobial residue studies [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71], and 1 antiseptic or disinfectants study [72]. The PRISMA-style flowchart was modified and used for this analytical review (Figure S1) [73].…”

Vancomycin Resistance Enterococcus in Africa in Onehealth approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Osman et al [47] 2019 Egypt Poultry Culture& Kateete et al [48] 2019 Uganda Clinical specimen Culture Frank et al [49] 2019 South Africa Feaces, water & soil Culture& shows that the subgroup analysis of VRE at country level Figure 3 shows the subgroup analysis based on the source of the sample for VRE in Africa…”

“…Whatever the sample type and laboratory method employed captured for the review and meta-analysis. The author name, year of publication, country of origin, source of sample (human vs non-human), laboratory method used Tanzania [40][41][42] and Uganda, [43][44][45]), two (2) articles from Nigeria, [46,47] and one (1) article from Algeria [48] were included for the review as presented in Table 1.…”