Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli from major rivers in Podhale, southern Poland

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of genes determining the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes in Escherichia coli isolated from two major rivers of the Podhale region in southern Poland. In total, 196 E. coli isolates were analyzed-98 from each river-Białka and Zakopianka, collected in 8 campaigns, over the period of two years. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed using disk diffusion method and PCR tests were conducted to detect the ESBL genes. In E. coli isolated from Białka, the resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was detected most frequently (54.08%) and ESBL was detected in 14.29% of strains. In strains isolated from Zakopianka, most frequent resistance was observed toward ticarcillin (51.02%), while ESBL was observed in 16.33% of isolates. In the total pool of isolates, the resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was most frequent (48.98% of isolates) and ESBL producers comprised 15.30% of E. coli isolates derived from both rivers. Multidrug resistance was observed less frequently in strains derived from Białka (4 isolates resistant to 10 and more antimicrobials) than from Zakopianka, where 10 isolates were resistant to 10 and more antibiotics. Out of the tested ESBL genes blaTEM was detected most frequently (45.4% of isolates), whereas blaCTX-M1 and blaCTX-M3 were recorded in one isolate.

Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India

“…A similar resistance pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was recorded by Lu et al from an urban river habitat in China [ 45 ]. Moreover, our results are also in line with other studies reporting a high level of resistance against β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. This study found 34.2% and 20.5% resistance toward piperacillin + tazobactam and ampicillin + sulbactam combinations, respectively.…”

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Highly Polluted Stretch of River Yamuna, India

“…Moreover, studies from rivers (n = 40) and lakes (n = 18) of Switzerland and rivers (n = 15) of Taiwan reported more or less similar prevalence (36.2% Enterobacteriaceae and 30% E. coli, respectively) of ESBL producing isolates [18,19]. Whereas, a low prevalence of ESBL producing isolates have been reported from different rivers of Italy (13.55% Enterobacteriaceae) [20], Poland (11.73% E. coli) [21], Korea (2.5% E. coli) [22] and Tunisia (1.7% Enterobacteriaceae) [23]. Anthropogenic-driven selective pressures contributing to the persistence and dissemination of multidrug resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are of critical relevance to clinical settings [17].…”

Bacterial isolates harboring antibiotics and heavy-metal resistance genes co-existing with mobile genetic elements in natural aquatic water bodies

“…Dal Lake is famous globally for tourism and its houseboats. Nevertheless, these lakes have deteriorated due to ecological stress from human activities ( Saleem et al, 2011 , Sheikh et al, 2014 , Romshoo et al, 2011 , Romshoo and Rashid, 2014 ), that has turned these water bodies into the reservoirs of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant bacteria ( Kumar et al, 2013 , Tacao et al, 2012 , Sanderson et al, 2016 , Lenart-Boron, 2017 ). Moreover, the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes from antibiotic-resistant to susceptible bacterial strain may lead to the emergence of a new population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ( Parvez and Khan, 2018 ).…”