Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive pathogens in Saudi Arabia

Yezli, Saber; Shibl, Atef M.; Livermore, David M.; Memish, Ziad A.

doi:10.1179/1973947812y.0000000010

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Previous studies from Saudi Arabia also show low vancomycin resistance among MRSA strains (Baddour et al, 2006;Alaklobi et al, 2015). As in our case, resistance to cotrimazole has been reported to be high (Yezli et al, 2013). Another study showed 100% resistance with linezolid (Al Tayyar and Hawad, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In the last two decades, there has been an increase in infections caused by this human opportunistic pathogen particularly methicillin-resistant and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (Shibl et al, 2013;McGuinness et al, 2017;Boswihi and Udo, 2018). Although vancomycin resistant species have been reported to be of low prevalence, methicillin resistance is more common in Saudi Arabia (Yezli et al, 2013;Tokajian, 2014). MRSA develops resistance to betalactam antibiotics including penicillin derivatives (such as methicillin, oxacillin), cephalosporins and also to macrolides, lincosides, and aminoglycosides (Boswihi and Udo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA strains isolated from patients of a hospital in Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ghanem¹,

Saleh²,

Hatem³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are on the rise leading to severe morbidity and mortality in ICU patients worldwide including Saudi Arabia. In the present study, the prevalence, gender distribution and antimicrobial resistance pattern of this gram-positive nosocomial bacterial pathogen were explored. The strains were isolated from 6840 sampled patients at King Fahd Hospital, Madinah, KSA. Clinical sources were screened for MRSA strains during a period of 14 months and it was observed that MRSA represented only 5% of the total isolated positive samples. Exactly 237 MRSA strains were isolated from male patients and hence showed predominance over female samples, except in case of two sources (catheter tips and pus sample). Almost equal percentages of MRSA strains were recovered from wound swabs (124 strains) and sputum (120 strains) samples while 37 strains were recovered from nasal swabs. Collectively these three sources contributed majorly 84.7%. Antimicrobial sensitivity to conventional drugs was studied and the percentage resistance was in the following order: amoxicillin (99.5 %) ˃ daptomycin, (98.8 %) ˃ linezolid (98.0 %) ˃ clindamycin (91.3 %) ˃ erythromycin (90.8 %). ˃ cotrimoxazole (84.4 %) ˃ vancomycin (37.2 %). Vancomycin showed significant sensitivity of 62.8 % suggesting that this drug is a better option for effective treatment. After a high trend of MRSA infection (51%) during summer, a significant decrease (20.7%) was observed during autumn which coincides with the annual Hajj season when special infection control provisions are taken. After Hajj season is over, infections decrease further to 18.5% during winter and 9.8% in spring. The present study is significant in being a step towards generation of national data on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRSA.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA strains isolated from patients of a hospital in Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ghanem¹,

Saleh²,

Hatem³

et al. 2018

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…For the treatment of S. maltophilia infection, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still considered as the first-line therapeutic agent of choice, but resistance (2%-25%) has also been reported as an increasing problem for this pathogen [16][17][18]. Alternative agents include piperacillin, fluoroquinolones (e.g., levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), and tetracycline derivatives (e.g., minocycline) [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a hospital in northwest China

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections have recently increased in importance in China, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of S. maltophilia infection in ICU of a hospital in northwest China. Methodology: The characteristics and outcomes of patients with any type of S. maltophilia infection at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, China, over a two-year period (from July 2011 to June 2013) were studied. S. maltophilia antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with the agar dilution method. The risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Results: Forty patients (median age, 72 years; 77.5% males) with S. maltophilia infection were identified. The main type of infection was lower respiratory tract infection (97.5%); one patient had a bloodstream infection. A total of 97.5% patients were infected with two or more organisms at the same time. The main characteristics of the patients were prolonged use of mechanical ventilation, urethral catheter, and central venous catheter before the infections occurred. The case number of infection was not different in the four seasons. High in vitro sensitivity was observed to minocycline (91.2%), levofloxacin (85.3%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (79.4%). Most patients received therapy with a combination of agents. The crude mortality was 50%. By multivariate analysis, low albumin content and hypotension were the independent prognostic factors for mortality. Conclusions: Appropriate antimicrobial treatment had no positive impact on mortality. The impacts of albumin supplements and increasing blood pressure on mortality require further clinical studies.

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“…Studies from Saudi Arabia have shown inappropriate prescription patterns among medical practitioners in the range of 24‐80% for patients attending community hospitals . Another study conducted at a tertiary care center reported an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia . Few studies have assessed the antibiotic prescription pattern among dentists in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%