Antimicrobial resistance among enterococci

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterococcus isolated from Swedish and Danish retailed chicken and pork

“…The emergence of acquired resistance mechanisms against antibiotics has presumably been of major importance for this behaviour (Herman and Gerding 1991;Leclercq et al 1992;Low et al 1994;Davies 1994). The situation in Lund, Sweden in spring 1997 was that all Enterococcus faecalis isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, resistance to tetracycline was common and some resistance to erythromycin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim was observed.…”

A study on high level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci isolated from urinary tract infection

“…Hence alternative methods such as agar screening, high content disc and broth dilution method have been proposed to detect HLAR among these strains. [2] In the present study, out of 147 isolates from urine sample, 81.63% were Enterococcus faecalis, 14.29% were Enterococcus faecium and 4.08% were Enterococcus avium. A study conducted by Chandrim et al [10] have reported an isolation rate of 42.86 % E.faecalis, 36.51% E.faecium and 19.05 % E.avium from urine sample.…”

“…, inactivation of therapeutic agents and sophisticated cell envelope adaptive response that promotes survival of these organism in the human host and nosocomial environment. [1,2] The standard treatment for deep seated enterococci infections has been a bactericidal and synergistic combination of a cell wall acting agent (Ampicillin or Penicillin G) with an aminoglycoside ptomycin /gentamicin). [2] Enterococci have acquired aminoglycoside resistance genes that encodes various minoglycoside modifying enzymes, which result in high level resistance to aminoglycosides.…”

“…[1,2] The standard treatment for deep seated enterococci infections has been a bactericidal and synergistic combination of a cell wall acting agent (Ampicillin or Penicillin G) with an aminoglycoside ptomycin /gentamicin). [2] Enterococci have acquired aminoglycoside resistance genes that encodes various minoglycoside modifying enzymes, which result in high level resistance to aminoglycosides. The high level resistance to aminoglycoside abolishes synergism in the combination with betalactams and glycopeptides that are important in the treatment of severe enterococcal infection.…”

Impact of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy from 1972 to 1998

“…Subsequently, when high-level resistance to streptomycin emerged, gentamicin replaced it. The initial report of high-level plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in 1979 heralded further problems in subsequent decades (6,10). In the early 1980s the first ␤-lactamase-producing strains of E. faecalis appeared, and sequencing data suggested the likely spread of this ␤-lactamase gene from S. aureus to enterococci.…”