Antimicrobial resistance among canine enterococci in the northeastern United States, 2007–2020

Abstract

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing and complex One Health concern worldwide, threatening the practice of human and veterinary medicine. Although dogs are a potential reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria, there are very few surveillance studies on AMR from the canine population in the United States. Here, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, identified temporal resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration trends, and described associations between resistance phenotypes among canine clinical enterococci in the northeastern United States.MethodsThrough a large-scale retrospective study design, we collected species identification, minimum inhibitory concentration, and clinical data from 3,659 canine enterococci isolated at the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center between 2007 and 2020. We used the Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope, multivariable logistic regression, and survival analysis models to detect the presence of a significant trend in resistance over the study period.ResultsEnterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species (67.1% of isolates), followed by Enterococcus faecium (20.4%). We found high levels of AMR among enterococci to almost all the tested antimicrobials, particularly E. faecium. The lowest percentage of resistance was to vancomycin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistance was common (80% of E. faecium and 33% of E. faecalis) and 31 isolates were extensively drug resistant. Multidrug resistance among E. faecium increased over time, but not in E. faecalis. Resistance to penicillins, enrofloxacin, and rifampin increased during the study period, but resistance to tetracyclines is on a downward trajectory compared to AMR data from the last decade. Emerging vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (0.3%) and E. faecium (0.8%) infections in the canine population are of great concern to both human and animal health. One E. faecium isolate with acquired vancomycin resistance was identified in 2017 and four vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were identified in 2020.ConclusionThere is a crucial need to make rational prescribing decisions on the prudent use of antimicrobials and improve the quality of care for patients, especially when empirical antimicrobial treatment for enterococcal infection is common.

Assessment of the gradient diffusion method for fosfomycin susceptibility testing in Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the urine of companion dogs in Thailand

“…The susceptibility rate of E. faecalis to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (96%) was consistent with that reported in the previous studies (95%) [ 34 ]. Enterococcus faecium isolates from canine UTIs have been reported to exhibit high resistance rates to ampicillin (67.9%), enrofloxacin (91.8%), and nitrofurantoin (90.9%) [ 13 ]. Enterococcus spp.…”

“…Several studies have indicated that MRSP strains display multidrug resistance (MDR) to three or more antibacterial classes [ 11 , 12 ]. Enterococci commonly cause UTIs and are naturally resistant to many antibacterial drugs [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, the susceptibility data of Staphylococcus spp.…”

Analysis of Strategies to Improve Human Resource Performance in Employees Technical Implementation Unit Paser Belengkong Animal Health Center

“…Paser Health Center in Belengkong, it is necessary to add and improve the quality of individual human resources and organizations to be able to work optimally in providing services animal health (Liguori et al, 2023). One example of efforts to improve the quality of human resources for officers at the Puskeswan is to carry out training related to work at the Puskeswan, especially (Osman et al, 2023) in providing animal health services. With training, it is hoped that it can be an effort to improve performance of officers in the field (Septiana et al, 2022).…”