Antimicrobial Properties of Gallium(III)- and Iron(III)-Loaded Polysaccharides Affecting the Growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, In Vitro

Abstract

Antimicrobial properties of gallium(III)-and iron(III)-loaded polysaccharides affecting the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in vitro. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 3(11), pp. 7589-7597.

Advancement of Gallium and Gallium-Based Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents

“…In addition to gallium-ligand and gallium-iron/heme carriers, Lin et al (2021) provided a new strategy: the active uptake of gallium by bubble-propelled Janus gallium/zinc micromotors that, at an acidic microenvironment, can increase the gallium content in bacteria (Figure 3D). Based on the same principle, Best et al (2020) prepared a family of bioresponsive antibacterial FIGURE 4 | (A) Antibacterial effect of metallurgical gallium additions to titanium alloys against S. aureus biofilm formation (Cochis et al, 2019). (B) Fluorescent images of biofilms formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and E. coli on pure Mg, Mg-0.1 Ga, Mg-0.1 Sr, Mg-0.1 Ga-0.1 Sr, and c.p.…”

“…Lipo-Ga-GEN improved antibacterial activity than the corresponding drugs without liposomes Halwani et al (2008) gallium-NAC more gallium ions were deposited in P. aeruginosa cells in the gallium-NAC treatment group than in the traditional gallium citrate treatment group Young et al (2019) gallium-containing siderophores and heme analogues: desferoxamine-gallium, Gaprotoporphyrin IX, Ga-deuteroporphyrin, Gamesoporphyrin, Ga-hematoporphyrin, Gaoctaethylporphyrin, and Ga-porphine not all siderophores combined with an antibacterial agent show increased antibacterial activity. Ga-protoporphyrin IX showed the best antibacterial effect Kelson et al (2013) ciprofloxacin-siderophore decreased uptake of gallium and antibacterial potency compared to ciprofloxacin alone both in iron replete and deplete conditions Sanderson et al (2020) bioresponsive antibacterial nanomaterials based on gallium (III) and iron (III) cross-linked polysaccharide materials improved bioavailability of gallium Lin et al (2021), Best et al (2020) alloys and scaffold composites Ga-doped titanium alloys long-lasting release of Ga (III) and strong antibacterial effects on multidrug-resistant S. aureus for at least 3 days Cochis et al (2019) Ga-doped magnesium alloys effective in the treatment of osteomyelitis Gao et al (2019) eutectic gallium-indium alloys time-increasing bactericidal effects against Gram-positive bacteria Li et al (2021b) bioglasses doped with gallium sustained release of gallium ions and timeincreasing bactericidal effects Kurtuldu et al (2021), Mehrabi et al (2020), Wang et al (2021a), Siqueira et al (2019), Song et al (2019), Lapa et al (2019), Ciraldo et al (2021), Keenan et al (2017) fibrosis. The ideal bactericidal effect of gallium ions can be achieved even at micromolar concentration levels.…”

“…(D) Schematic representation of the synthesis and antibacterial mechanism of Janus Ga/Zn micromotors and their characterization(Lin et al, 2021). (E) Scheme of gallium molecules encapsulated by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)(Best et al, 2020).…”

Facile Synthesis of Gallium (III)-Chitosan Complexes as Antibacterial Biomaterial

“…Recently, Best et al [ 52 ] reported the use of different polysaccharides as delivery carriers for gallium ions. The authors observed that gallium possesses a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, since the higher tested concentration (50 mg/mL) adversely affected human dermal neonatal fibroblast (HNDF) cells [ 55 ]. However, as confirmed by the ion release measurements, the amount of Ga (III) that is discharged from all investigated CS-based complexes in the current study is significantly lower, which explains the nontoxic behavior of Ga (III)-CS against both cell types (MG-63 and MEF).…”

Gallium containing bioactive materials: A review of anticancer, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties

“…With these similarities, gallium can bond with iron-binding proteins. While the binding of iron to a protein promotes protein function, gallium, in contrast to iron, is not redox-active, so the substitution of gallium for iron in a protein usually disrupts its function and leads to negative downstream effects in cells [ 42 , 46 , 47 ].…”