Antimicrobial properties of a new type of photosensitizer derived from phthalocyanine against planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial photodynamic activity of toluidine blue encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus

“…Earlier, antibiotics helped the human population to prevent such infections; however, their misuse and overuse led to the emergence of drugresistant microbial strains (Morris et al 2017). Moreover, many of the bacterial infections are caused by biofilms formed by these bacteria, which are very difficult to treat (Gao et al 2018). Pathogens like P. aeruginosa, PAO1, and S. aureus are the major causes of nosocomial infections.…”

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles

“…The uptake of compounds on S. aureus was accomplished by the alkaline lysis method described by Gao et al [49]. This procedure resulted in rapid pyrolysis in bacteria.…”

“…The alkaline lysis method [49] was used for determining the uptake of ZnPc and ZnPc-TiO 2 in bacteria. The bacteria strains were grown on MHA at 37 °C for 24 h. Then colonies were taken and suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).…”

Graphene oxide nanohybrids for electron transfer-mediated antimicrobial activity

“…33,34 Aromatic phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules are twodimensional 18p-electron systems, which can be synthesized easily and exhibit non-toxicity, chemical and thermal stability, and substitutional exibility. [33][34][35] In the Pc molecules, the two central hydrogen atoms can be replaced by metal ions to form metal phthalocyanines (MPc) for various purposes. 33,34 Recent studies have shown that MPc molecules containing cationic metal ions are more effective against bacteria than the anionic and neutral metal ion-containing counterparts as the cationic MPc molecules can easily interact with and disrupt the highly anionic bacterial cell wall.…”

“…33,34 Recent studies have shown that MPc molecules containing cationic metal ions are more effective against bacteria than the anionic and neutral metal ion-containing counterparts as the cationic MPc molecules can easily interact with and disrupt the highly anionic bacterial cell wall. 35,36 Amongst the reported MPc molecules, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is considered a model MPc system as it shows the characteristic features of the macrocyclic phthalocyanine (Pc) molecule. 37 In the recent past, ZnPc-based derivatives have been employed as promising photosensitizers for sensing, 38 optical limiting, 39,40 cancer treatment, 41 antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, 35,42,43 and energy harvesting.…”