Antimicrobial prescribing patterns for respiratory diseases including tuberculosis in Russia: a possible role in drug resistance?

Abstract

Doctors rely on information provided by pharmaceutical companies; there was inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.

A study of antibiotic prescribing: the experience of Lithuanian and Russian GPs

“…However, very little research has investigated the links between antibiotic prescribing practices and non-clinical factors in post-Soviet countries. Studies performed in Lithuania and Russia have primarily addressed the antibiotic use profile [27][28][29][30], the relationship between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance [31,32], and public beliefs and knowledge about antibiotic use and self-medication [33,34]. To our knowledge, no qualitative studies addressing the non-clinical factors of antibiotic prescribing have been performed in Central and Eastern Europe.…”

A Cross-Sectional Study on Prescribing Patterns on Patients Suffering from Respiratory Disorders in a Teaching Hospital of South India

“…Penicillins were the mostly commonly prescribed drugs followed by fluoroquinolones and macrolides. 4 For the management of co-morbid conditions, anti-diabetic, diuretics, anti-coagulants, statins and anti-platelet drugs were used in the present study as in most of the co-morbid situations patients were either suffering from diabetes or cardiovascular diseases or with both. And as common pattern in India, statins and antiplatelets are routine drugs of most of the cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…It may encourage the emergence of drug resistance which has increased dramatically across a wide range of important antimicrobial chemotherapeutic groups including those used to treat tuberculosis (TB). 4 Current evidence indicates that both developed and developing countries are experiencing inappropriate and unnecessary use of different drugs in their health care facilities. Despite the importance of this problem, limited information exists in the field, in particular regarding the respiratory medication prescription pattern.…”

The determinants of the antibiotic resistance process

“…61,93 People use antibiotics with excessive familiarity, lack of concern, and confi dence; they self-medicate because antibiotics are available without professional control; and patients believe that antibiotics are more effective than any other types of medicines. 62,89,94 In some countries, including in developed countries, antibiotics are freely available and can be bought without a prescription (even if this is prohibited by law) at sidewalk stands from vendors who know little or nothing about dosage, indications, or contraindications. 22,95,96 When antibiotics are used incorrectly -for too short a time, at too low a dose, too low a frequency, or for the wrong illness -bacteria and other microorganisms are more likely to adapt and replicate rather than die.…”

“…There are some actions that are widely agreed to be essential areas of general consensus for recommended action. 7,20,73,85,90,94,[110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119] Local governments should establish policies for the elaboration of national and regional guidelines for infection control based on surveillance data on resistance and reinforce the general health laws in the dispensing of antibiotics at all levels as well as eliminate fi nancial incentives that promote misuse of antibiotics.…”