Antimicrobial Potential of Plant Extracts and Chemical Fractions of Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn on Oral Microorganisms

Abstract

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and chemical fractions of Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Candida albicans as well as to identify the chemical classes found in the bioactive extracts possessing better activity. Materials and methods:Freeze-dried hydroalcoholic extracts of the bark and leaves (LC and LF respectively) and ethanol extracts of bark and leaves (EC and EF respectively) of S. obtusifolium were assessed for antimicrobial potential by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The tests were performed by microdilution method (in triplicate) in three independent experiments. Phytochemical characterization was performed by quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Results:The EC extract presented weak antimicrobial potential on the growth of S. mutans (MIC = 1000 µg/mL); all extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity on the growth of C. albicans (MIC = 500 µg/mL). The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions of LF extracts showed moderate growth inhibitory activity (MIC = 250 µg/mL) on C. albicans and fungicide potential (MFC/MIC = 2). The phytochemical characterization revealed a Conclusion:The dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions of S. obtusifolium LF extract showed antifungal activity against C. albicans, with the potential for bioprospection of phytocompounds for the treatment of periodontal fungal diseases caused by this microorganism. The effect may be related to phytochemical compounds from the polyphenol and condensed tannin classes.Clinical significance: Research for new oral microbial disease treatment alternatives in bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is of clinical relevance and scientific interest since many therapeutic antifungal agents do not obtain the effectiveness expected due to microbial resistance, or to adverse effects on human tissues.

Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial appraisal of Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana (Decne) Rehder

“…Tannins can exist in two forms, either as condensed tannins or as hydrolysable tannins. Higher levels of tannins especially condensed tannins and polyphenols when present in plant extracts might be responsible for antibacterial mode of action and anticandidal activity [ 51 ]. One of the mechanisms of tannins accounting for antimicrobial potential involves extracellular enzyme inhibition.…”

A proline derivative-enriched methanol fraction from Sideroxylon obtusifolium leaves (MFSOL) stimulates human keratinocyte cells and exerts a healing effect in a burn wound model

“…The risk of extinction of the species by the predatory extraction of its bark has attracted attention of researchers to other plant parts, such as the leaves. Two studies with the hydroalcoholic fractions obtained from leaves of S. obtusifolium showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans ( 7 , 8 ). Another study demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of an L-proline derivative, N-methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP), identified and isolated from the leaves of S. obtusifolium ( 9 ).…”

Chemical profiles and antimicrobial activities of plants utilized in Brazilian traditional medicine

“…The stems and flowers of H. impetiginosus, known as purple Ipê, are used to make poultices or concentrated as tea for the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms [17][18][19] . Stems of B. sartorum, known as quixaba, are used in Northeast Brazil to prepare for treatment of various conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, inflammation, genital sores, colic, bruises, ulcers and others 20 . Extracts of leaves of Z. brasiliensis, known as urinana, are used for their molluscicidal, spasmolytic, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant properties and reportedly possess antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antitumor activities 21 .…”