Antimicrobial potential of known and novel probiotics on in vitro periodontitis biofilms

Abstract

Several oral diseases are characterized by a shift within the oral microbiome towards a pathogenic, dysbiotic composition. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are often part of patient care. However, because of the rising antibiotic resistance, alternatives are increasingly desirable. Alternatively, supplying beneficial species through probiotics is increasingly showing favorable results. Unfortunately, these probiotics are rarely evaluated comparatively. In this study, the in vitro effects of three known and three novel Lactobacillus strains, together with four novel Streptococcus salivarius strains were comparatively evaluated for antagonistic effects on proximal agar growth, antimicrobial properties of probiotic supernatant and the probiotic’s effects on in vitro periodontal biofilms. Strain-specific effects were observed as differences in efficacy between genera and differences within genera. While some of the Lactobacillus candidates were able to reduce the periodontal pathobiont A. actinomycetemcomitans, the S. salivarius strains were not. However, the S. salivarius strains were more effective against periodontal pathobionts P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum. Vexingly, most of the Lactobacillus strains also negatively affected the prevalence of commensal species within the biofilms, while this was lower for S. salivarius strains. Both within lactobacilli and streptococci, some strains showed significantly more inhibition of the pathobionts, indicating the importance of proper strain selection. Additionally, some species showed reductions in non-target species, which can result in unexpected and unexplored effects on the whole microbiome.

Growth Conditions Influence Lactobacillus Cell-Free Supernatant Impact on Viability, Biofilm Formation, and Co-Aggregation of the Oral Periodontopathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…Van Holm and colleagues also found that CFS from L. rhamnosus GG strongly killed P. gingivalis , while against F. nucleatum , L. reuteri F471 was more effective [ 26 ]. L. rhamnosus CT-53 inhibited F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis when used both as a viable strain in the agar overlay method, and heat-killed strain in the pathogen CFU counting after treatment [ 27 ].…”

“…Van Holm et al also observed that the presence of L. rhamnosus GG decreased the amount of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis in their own biofilm [ 26 ]. L. reuteri AN417 CFS reduced the biofilm integrity of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis , and also decreased the P. gingivalis expression of genes involved in biofilm formation [ 23 ].…”

Multi-function screening of probiotics to improve oral health and evaluating their efficacy in a rat periodontitis model

“…Thus, maintaining the oral microecological balance is of great importance to oral health in humans. Several studies have shown that probiotics may help to maintain oral microbiota homeostasis and improve oral health (Zhang et al, 2020b;Van Holm et al, 2023). Probiotics can colonize the oral cavity and replace certain pathogenic bacteria (Bonifait et al, 2009;Rossoni et al, 2018).…”

“…Probiotics can colonize the oral cavity and replace certain pathogenic bacteria (Bonifait et al, 2009;Rossoni et al, 2018). They can produce antimicrobial substances (such as fatty acids, H 2 O 2 , and bacteriocins) to resist colonization by pathogenic bacteria (Yoon et al, 2018;Van Holm et al, 2023). Additionally, some probiotics may help to resist the development of low pH in the mouth (Meurman and Stamatova, 2007;Güngör et al, 2013).…”

A rational probiotics combination improves oral health in animal model

“…Thus, maintaining oral microecological balance is of great importance to human oral health. Several studies have shown that probiotics may help maintain oral microbiota homeostasis and improve oral health [9,15]. Probiotics can colonize the oral cavity and replace certain pathogenic bacteria [16,17].…”