Although
eco-friendly amidoxime-based adsorbents own an excellent
uranium (U)-adsorption capacity, their U-adsorption efficiency is
commonly reduced and even damaged by the biological adhesion from
bacteria/microorganisms in an aqueous environment. Herein, we present
an antibiofouling ultrathin poly(amidoxime) membrane (AUPM) with highly
enhanced U-adsorption performance, through dispersing the quaternized
chitosan (Q-CS) and poly(amidoxime) in a cross-linked sulfonated cellulose
nanocrystals (S-CNC) network. The cross-linked S-CNC not only can
elevate the hydrophilicity to improve the U-adsorption efficiency
of AUPM but also can enhance the mechanical strength to form a self-supporting
ultrathin membrane (17.21 MPa, 10 μm thickness). More importantly,
this AUPM owns a good antibiofouling property, owing to the broad-spectrum
antibacterial quaternary ammonium groups of the Q-CS. As a result,
within the 1.00 L of low-concentration (100 ppb) U-added pure water
(pH ≈ 5) and seawater (pH ≈ 8) for 48 h, 30 mg of AUPM
can recover 93.7% U and 91.4% U, respectively. Furthermore, compared
with the U-absorption capacity of a blank membrane without the Q-CS,
that of AUPM can significantly increase 37.4% reaching from 6.39 to
8.78 mg/g after being in natural seawater for only 25 d. Additionally,
this AUPM can still maintain almost constant tensile strength during
10 cycles of adsorption–desorption, which indicates the relatively
long-term usability of AUPM. This AUPM will be a promising candidate
for highly efficient and large-scale U-recovery from both U-containing
waste freshwater/seawater and natural seawater, which will be greatly
helpful to deal with the U-pollution and enrich U for the consumption
of nuclear power. More importantly, the work will provide a new convenient
but universal strategy to fabricate new highly enhanced low-cost U-adsorbents,
through the introduction of both an antibacterial property and a high
mechanical performance, which will be a good reference for the design
of new highly efficient U-adsorbents.