Antimicrobial peptides of the oral cavity

Gorr, Sven Ulrik

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00310.x

Cited by 157 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 265 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

186

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various studies were conducted to conclude the relationship between salivary proline rich proteins and caries, but still remains inconclusive [6]. A study conducted showed larger proline rich protein's among caries free individuals and individuals with severe caries (Ayad M, Van Wuyckhuyse BC and Minaguchi K, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate the typical proteomic pattern, the separation of proteins and their visualization using a stain is necessary. Gel electrophoresis is one of the important tools available to separate proteins based on their relative mobility on application of electric current depending on the molecular mass for evaluation [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Estimation Of Mucin Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Salivary proteins as biomarkers in dental caries: In vivo study

Nireeksha¹,

Hegde²,

N³

et al. 2017

Dent Oral Craniofac Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between salivary proteins and dental caries. 80 healthy adults were further divided into caries free (N=20) and caries active (N=60) based on DMFT index. Caries active was further divided into group I (D=1-3), group II (D=4-10), group III (D= >10).Saliva samples collected were further analysed for salivary total protein levels, salivary IgA levels, salivary mucin levels, salivary albumin/globulin ratio, salivary C-reactive protein levels and proline rich proteins. The data was then statistically analysed using one way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Tukey's test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Study showed significantly high levels of salivary total protein, salivary IgA and salivary albumin globulin ratio in caries free group. Salivary mucin and salivary C-reactive protein levels were significantly high in caries active group. 95% proline rich protein bands were present in caries free group, whereas caries active group showed 65% proline rich protein bands. This study adds to better understanding of salivary components and their role in dental caries. Modulation of these proteins could play an important role in determining the onset and progression of caries, opening a new avenue of caries prevention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Mucin Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary proteins as biomarkers in dental caries: In vivo study

Nireeksha¹,

Hegde²,

N³

et al. 2017

Dent Oral Craniofac Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A diverse array of nonspecific innate immune factors help maintain periodontal health, including more than 45 antimicrobial proteins in the gingival crevicular fluid and/or saliva (8,9). Among these innate immune molecules contributing to the control of oral bacteria are several lipids (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Analysis of Sapienic Acid-Treated Porphyromonas gingivalis Suggests Differential Regulation of Multiple Metabolic Pathways

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lipids endogenous to skin and mucosal surfaces exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in periodontitis. Our previous work demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of the fatty acid sapienic acid (C 16:1⌬6 ) against P. gingivalis and found that sapienic acid treatment alters both protein and lipid composition from those in controls. In this study, we further examined whole-cell protein differences between sapienic acidtreated bacteria and untreated controls, and we utilized open-source functional association and annotation programs to explore potential mechanisms for the antimicrobial activity of sapienic acid. Our analyses indicated that sapienic acid treatment induces a unique stress response in P. gingivalis resulting in differential expression of proteins involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. This network of differentially regulated proteins was enriched in protein-protein interactions (P ‫؍‬ 2.98 ؋ 10 ؊8 ), including six KEGG pathways (P value ranges, 2.30 ؋ 10 ؊5 to 0.05) and four Gene Ontology (GO) molecular functions (P value ranges, 0.02 to 0.04), with multiple suggestive enriched relationships in KEGG pathways and GO molecular functions. Upregulated metabolic pathways suggest increases in energy production, lipid metabolism, iron acquisition and processing, and respiration. Combined with a suggested preferential metabolism of serine, which is necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis, these data support our previous findings that the site of sapienic acid antimicrobial activity is likely at the bacterial membrane. IMPORTANCE P. gingivalis is an important opportunistic pathogen implicated in periodontitis.Affecting nearly 50% of the population, periodontitis is treatable, but the resulting damage is irreversible and eventually progresses to tooth loss. There is a great need for natural products that can be used to treat and/or prevent the overgrowth of periodontal pathogens and increase oral health. Sapienic acid is endogenous to the oral cavity and is a potent antimicrobial agent, suggesting a potential therapeutic or prophylactic use for this fatty acid. This study examines the effects of sapienic acid treatment on P. gingivalis and highlights the membrane as the likely site of antimicrobial activity. Inflammation in the oral cavity ranges from mild and reversible inflammation of the gingiva (gingivitis) to a more chronic inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting structures (periodontitis). Gingivitis occurs in 50 to 90% of adults worldwide, depending on the widely differing definitions of gingivitis (1). Periodontitis occurs in just over 47% of the U.S. population, with prevalences of 8.7, 30.0, and 8.5% for mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis depending on multiple factors, including oral hygiene, socioeconomic status, educational status, age, and other environmental, genetic, and metabolic risk factors (2). These numbers differ in different populations, and older individuals are at a particular...

show abstract

“…Among the more than 2,000 proteins and peptides found in saliva (5), many exhibit direct antimicrobial activity (6). Others can bind to bacteria to facilitate either their colonization on oral surfaces or their clearance from the oral cavity through agglutination (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Defense Proteins Derived from Human Saliva Bind to Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

bProteins in human saliva are thought to modulate bacterial colonization of the oral cavity. Yet, information is sparse on how salivary proteins interact with systemic pathogens that transiently or permanently colonize the oral environment. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that frequently colonizes the oral cavity and can cause respiratory disease in hospitalized patients at risk. Here, we investigated salivary protein binding to this organism upon exposure to saliva as a first step toward understanding the mechanism by which the organism can colonize the oral cavity of vulnerable patients. By using fluorescently labeled saliva and proteomic techniques, we demonstrated selective binding of major salivary components by S. aureus to include DMBT1 gp-340 , mucin-7, secretory component, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, S100-A9, and lysozyme C. Biofilm-grown S. aureus strains bound fewer salivary components than in the planctonic state, particularly less salivary immunoglobulins. A corresponding adhesive component on the S. aureus surface responsible for binding salivary immunoglobulins was identified as staphylococcal protein A (SpA). However, SpA did not mediate binding of nonimmunoglobulin components, including mucin-7, indicating the involvement of additional bacterial surface adhesive components. These findings demonstrate that a limited number of salivary proteins, many of which are associated with various aspects of host defense, selectively bind to S. aureus and lead us to propose a possible role of saliva in colonization of the human mouth by this pathogen. Saliva plays a key role in host defense against invading pathogens (1-4). Among the more than 2,000 proteins and peptides found in saliva (5), many exhibit direct antimicrobial activity (6). Others can bind to bacteria to facilitate either their colonization on oral surfaces or their clearance from the oral cavity through agglutination (7,8). It has been suggested that systemic pathogens can be killed, inactivated, or agglutinated by salivary components and, thus, become cleared from the oral cavity through swallowing, thereby preventing them from colonizing the oral cavity of healthy individuals (2, 9). Thus, binding of salivary proteins to pathogens is thought to play an important role in preventing systemic infections. In hospitalized patients, the protective and antimicrobial functions of saliva, which play a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens (1-3), are frequently impaired by reduction of salivary flow or lack of salivary secretion (9-11). Under such conditions of dry mouth and poor oral hygiene, the normal commensal oral microflora shifts to a community that harbors a higher number of pathogens (12, 13).Among the various systemic pathogens in the oral cavity, attention has been given to Staphylococcus aureus (14, 15), since both endocarditis and pneumonia have been related to oral colonization by this organism (16,17). Studies have shown the occurrence of S. aureus in oral biofilm and saliva of healthy individuals (18), bu...

show abstract

Antimicrobial peptides of the oral cavity

Cited by 157 publications

References 265 publications

Salivary proteins as biomarkers in dental caries: In vivo study

Salivary proteins as biomarkers in dental caries: In vivo study

Protein Analysis of Sapienic Acid-Treated Porphyromonas gingivalis Suggests Differential Regulation of Multiple Metabolic Pathways

Host Defense Proteins Derived from Human Saliva Bind to Staphylococcus aureus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About