Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Jäger, Simon; Stange, Eduard F.; Wehkamp, Jan

doi:10.4061/2010/910283

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Likewise, adults with ankylosing spondylitis have increased expression of the α-defensin HD5, lysozyme and sPLA 2 in the presence of chronic inflammation, but not in the presence of acute inflammation or normal histology (36). On the other hand, similar changes have not been demonstrated in other diseases of chronic intestinal inflammation (37). In ileal Crohn’s disease, decreased expression of HD5 and HD6 is observed, and more significant reductions are closely related to a specific mutation in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 receptor; these changes did not correlate with inflammation (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Bifidobacterium bifidum in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis: antimicrobial peptide and protein responses

et al. 2012

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease of premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC in clinical and experimental studies. Antimicrobial peptides protect the gut against noxious microbes and shape the commensal microbiota, but their role in NEC remains unclear. We report that like in human ontogeny, the rat pup has low expression of Paneth cell antimicrobials, which increases rapidly during normal development. To investigate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in experimental NEC and the impact of probiotics on their expression, premature rats were divided into three groups: dam fed (DF), hand fed with formula (FF), or hand fed with formula containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (FF+BIF). All groups were exposed to asphyxia and cold stress. The expression of lysozyme, secretory phospholipase A2, pancreatic-associated proteins 1 and 3 mRNA was elevated in the FF (NEC) group, compared to the DF and FF+BIF groups where disease was attenuated. We conclude that induction of antimicrobial peptides occurs in experimental NEC similar to that reported in human disease and is attenuated when disease is averted by probiotic B. bifidum. The induction of antimicrobial peptides is likely an adaptive mucosal response that is often not sufficient to prevent disease in the premature gut.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Bifidobacterium bifidum in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis: antimicrobial peptide and protein responses

et al. 2012

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“…Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including defensins and cathelicidins play an important role in the mucosal defense against commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, especially in the intestine, where the bacterial load is much higher (Jäger et al ., ). Compared with the intestine, there is much less information concerning the expression and regulation of AMPs in the gastric environment.…”

Section: The Stomach As An Ecological Niche: Anatomy Physiology Andmentioning

confidence: 97%

Survival in hostile territory: the microbiota of the stomach

2013

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The human stomach is a formidable barrier to orally ingested microorganisms and was long thought to be sterile. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori, a carcinogenic bacterial pathogen that infects the stomach mucosa of more than one half of all humans globally, has started a major paradigm shift in our understanding of the stomach as an ecological niche for bacteria. The special adaptations that enable H. pylori to colonize this well-protected habitat have been intensively studied over the last three decades. In contrast, our knowledge concerning bacteria other than H. pylori in the human stomach is still quite limited. However, a substantial body of evidence documents convincingly that bacteria can regularly be sampled from the stomachs of healthy adults. Commonly detected phyla include Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, and characteristic genera are Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Propionibacterium. In this review, we summarize the available literature about the gastric microbiota in humans and selected model animals, discuss the methods used in its characterization, and identify gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed to advance our understanding of the bacterial colonization of the different layers of the gastric mucosa and its potential role in health and disease.

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“…In the gastrointestinal tract a variety of constitutive and inducible AMPs like α- and β-defensins as well as defensive-like molecules like for example secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), elafin, cathelicidin LL-37 and many other factors are expressed [for extensive reviews, see [4,6,7]]. Defensins are so-called endogenous antibiotics showing antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi, viruses and protozoa [8].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptides and The Mucus Layer As A Functional Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Antibacterial Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Klag¹,

Stange²,

Wehkamp³

2013

Dig Dis

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The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very complex, including a variety of genetic and environmental contributing factors. In this context, over the past few years, a picture of IBD as a primary defect of the innate immune system rather than the adaptive immune system has evolved. The intestinal antimicrobial barrier morphologically consists of a single layer of epithelial cells and the mucus and constitutes the first defense mechanism against the microbial burden of the gut. From a more mechanistic point of view, this barrier additionally depends on a crucial interplay between the mucus and antimicrobial peptides like for instance defensins. Disturbances in this system are in the pathophysiological center stage of IBD genesis and progression. In this article we will give a short overview about some of the key mechanisms in this context with special attention on defensins and the mucus layer.

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Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Cited by 37 publications

References 103 publications

Bifidobacterium bifidum in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis: antimicrobial peptide and protein responses

Bifidobacterium bifidum in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis: antimicrobial peptide and protein responses

Survival in hostile territory: the microbiota of the stomach

Defective Antibacterial Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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