Antimicrobial Peptides for Plaque Control

Leung, Kai P.; Abercrombie, Johnathan J.; Campbell, T.M.; Gilmore, Katherine; Bell, Constance A.; Faraj, Jabar A.; DeLuca, Patrick P.

doi:10.1177/0895937409335627

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Another promising anticaries AMP is a synthetic α-helical antimicrobial decapeptide designated KSL-W, which can selectively destabilize the cell membranes of cariogenic bacteria including S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and L. acidophilus [Na et al, 2007;Leung et al, 2009]. This peptide resits enzymatic degradation in human saliva for 1 h, and the potential use of KSL-W as an antibiofilm agent in a chewing gum formulation has been suggested Na et al, 2007].…”

Section: Ecological Approaches To Caries Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?

Philip

Suneja²,

Walsh³

2018

Caries Res

125

107

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Contemporary paradigms of dental caries aetiology focus on the ecology of the dental plaque biofilm and how local environmental factors can modulate this to cause disease. The crucial role that a healthy oral microbiome plays in preventing caries and promoting oral health is also being increasingly recognized. Based on these concepts, several ecological preventive approaches have been developed that could potentially broaden the arsenal of currently available caries-preventive measures. Many of these ecological approaches aim for long-term caries control by either disrupting cariogenic virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability, or include measures that can enhance the growth of health-associated, microbially diverse communities in the oral microbiome. This paper argues for the need to develop ecological preventive measures that go beyond conventional caries-preventive methods, and discusses whether these ecological approaches can be effective in reducing the severity of caries by promoting stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities.

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Section: Ecological Approaches To Caries Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?

Philip

Suneja²,

Walsh³

2018

Caries Res

125

107

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“…These studies often use plate counts to enumerate viable cells and calculate antimicrobial efficacy (2,4,11,15,19,20,28,29,36,40), although some analyses have been performed based on fluorescence or luminescence assays (7,16,19). Very few studies have addressed the issue of active penetration into dental plaque or oral biofilm (14,18,34,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Penetration and Efficacy in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Corbin

Pitts

Parker

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The penetration and overall efficacy of six mouthrinse actives was evaluated by using an in vitro flow cell oral biofilm model. The technique involved preloading biofilm cells with a green fluorescent dye that leaked out as the cells were permeabilized by a treatment. The loss of green color, and of biomass, was observed by time-lapse microscopy during 60 min of treatment under continuous flow conditions. The six actives analyzed were ethanol, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride, and nisin. Each of these agents effected loss of green fluorescence throughout biofilm cell clusters, with faster action at the edge of a cell cluster and slower action in the cluster center. The time to reach half of the initial fluorescent intensity at the center of a cell cluster, which can be viewed as a combined penetration and biological action time, ranged from 0.6 to 19 min for the various agents. These times are much longer than the predicted penetration time based on diffusion alone, suggesting that anti-biofilm action was controlled more by the biological action time than by the penetration time of the active. None of the agents tested caused any removal of the biofilm. The extent of fluorescence loss after 1 h of exposure to an active ranged from 87 to 99.5%, with CHX being the most effective. The extent of fluorescence loss in vitro, but not penetration and action time, correlated well with the relative efficacy data from published clinical trials.

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“…The antibacterial activity of KSL-W on mature biofilms is improved with the addition of benzylkonium chloride and chlorohexidine at sub-inhibitory concentrations as adjuvants. Checkerboard experiments confirm this synergistic activity; 90% of biofilm bacteria are killed in a test formula with the lowest amounts of actives [120]. These studies demonstrate that KSL and KSL-W exhibit characteristics necessary for practical clinical application in treating and preventing dental caries.…”

Section: Synthetics Conjugates and Peptide Mimeticsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Additionally, a 3-log reduction in viable count is observable in most strains after only 15 min of KSL exposure at 6.25 lg/mL [31]. KSL acts by selectively targeting the bacterial membrane through electrostatic interactions and causing destabilization in a dose-dependent manner [120]. Notably, KSL is not cytotoxic to mouse erythrocytes, and concentrations up to 1 mg/mL, or 160 times the effective bacteriocidal concentration, do not compromise the membranes of human gingival fibroblasts.…”

Section: Synthetics Conjugates and Peptide Mimeticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibacterial Peptides: Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries

Pepperney

Chikindas

2011

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is a growing and costly global health concern. The onset of disease is a consequence of an ecological imbalance within the dental plaque biofilm that favors specific acidogenic and aciduric caries pathogens, namely Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. It is now recognized by the scientific and medical community that it is neither possible nor desirable to totally eliminate dental plaque. Conversely, the chemical biocides most commonly used for caries prevention and treatment indiscriminately attack all plaque microorganisms. These treatments also suffer from other drawbacks such as bad taste, irritability, and staining. Furthermore, the public demand for safe and natural personal hygiene products continues to rise. Therefore, there are opportunities that exist to develop new strategies for the treatment of this disease. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, antibacterial peptides have been explored greatly over the last three decades for many different therapeutic uses. There are currently tens of hundreds of antibacterial peptides characterized across the evolutionary spectrum, and among these, many demonstrate physical and/or biological properties that may be suitable for a more targeted approach to the selective control or elimination of putative caries pathogens. Additionally, many peptides, such as nisin, are odorless, colorless, and tasteless and do not cause irritation or staining. This review focuses on antibacterial peptides for their potential role in the treatment and prevention of dental caries and suggests candidates that need to be explored further. Practical considerations for the development of antibacterial peptides as oral treatments are also discussed.

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Antimicrobial Peptides for Plaque Control

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?

Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?

Antimicrobial Penetration and Efficacy in an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model

Antibacterial Peptides: Opportunities for the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries

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