Antimicrobial N‐halamine coatings synthesized via vapor‐phase assisted polymerization

Abstract

An N-halamine monomer, 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), was synthesized by a Gabriel reaction of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 3-bromopropene. Antimicrobial coatings of poly[1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-methyl)ethylene] were prepared on plasma-treated PET fabrics via a vapor-phase assisted polymerization (VAP) process using gasified ADMH as monomer. The coatings endow the PET fabrics with an antimicrobial efficiency greater than 80% for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after chlorination of the N-halamine polymer with dilute bleach solution. The obtained antimicrobial effect has remarkable durability that can bear over 30 times of stringent laundering tests. Compared with other antimicrobial finishing methods, the VAP methodology offers great advantages in needless of organic solvents and small consumption of monomer. It has potential applications in a wide variety of fields such as hygienic clothing, underwear, socks, and medical textiles.

Compuestos antimicrobiales para textiles y sus métodos de caracterización

“…En telas de algodón [53] y de poliéster [54] han demostrado efectividad contra S. aureus y E. coli. Algunas limitaciones de las NHalaminas tienen que ver con los sistemas de aplicación tradicionales, que en general requieren del consumo excesivo de precursores de halamina, una gran cantidad de agua o disolventes orgánicos (poco amigables para el medio ambiente), por lo que se buscan métodos de aplicación alternativos como los recubrimientos de los textiles vía polimerización en fase de vapor asistida por vacío [55]. Superado esto, las NHalaminas son consideradas antimicrobiales amigables con el medio ambiente, por ser durables y regenerables o recargables [1,27].…”

Excellent binding effect ofl-methionine for immobilizing silver nanoparticles onto cotton fabrics to improve the antibacterial durability against washing

“…18,19 Therefore, a wide range of researchers have been putting efforts into antimicrobial cotton textiles, and numerous successful antibacterial cotton products have been applied in textile commodities including underwear, socks, curtains, and medical textile supplies. However, washing durability is still a practical challenge for most of the antimicrobial products, [20][21][22][23][24] especially for the cotton fabrics modied using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). 25 Ag NPs have strong antimicrobial effect, [26][27][28][29][30] but they were suspected to have potential risks on the environment and human health.…”

Antibacterial N‐halamine coating on cotton fabric fabricated using mist polymerization

“…Actually, there has been a rapid growing market of the antimicrobial textiles, and they were widely applied in various products such as waterproof clothing, car interior textiles, underwear, socks, home furnishings . A number of antibiotic chemicals, including quaternary ammonium compounds, N ‐halamines, polybiguanides, chitosan, triclosan, nanoparticles of noble metal, and metal oxide (TiO 2 , CuO), have been successfully applied to textile products. Among these antimicrobial agents, N ‐halamine derivatives attracted much interest from a lot of scholars due to its outstanding antibacterial effect, long‐term stabilities, reliable safeties to humans, convenient synthesis, and antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms .…”

“…Our previous works have reported a “mist polymerization” technique developed from the gas‐phase assisted surface polymerization methodology for modifying cotton surfaces. The “mist polymerization” process is suitable for a wider range of monomers and can simply build nanostructures on a variety of substrates.…”