Antimicrobial materials with medical applications

Abstract

Despite intensive and considerable research achievements by material scientists and biologists, the problems of infections related to medical devices and implants remain knotty. The biofilm related infections are much harder to eradicate due to protection of extracellular polymeric substance secreted by the biofilms, hence shows a strong resistance to conventional antibiotics. Thus, there is a huge challenge for researchers to seek effective methods to combat device related bacterial infections ignited by biofilms to mitigate potential health risks and massive financial burdens to healthcare systems. Here we review the most recent progress and work on the applications of antibacterial biomaterials for the biomedical devices, concentrating on metals with antibacterial coatings/surfaces, antibacterial stainless steels and other commonly used antibacterial materials.

Accelerated Antibacterial Inactivation on 2D Cu-Titania Surfaces: Latest Developments and Critical Issues

“…The spread of pathogenic infections will be decreased depending on the type of pathogen or its local concentration. Biofilm formation is at the origin of 80% of all microbial infections in the body making biofilms a primary health concern [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Biofilm pathogens adhere to a host surface, organize their community structure and remain there by producing extra-cellular polysaccharides (EPS) polymer matrix to cement the biofilm to the support in a permanent way.…”

Recent Developments in Accelerated Antibacterial Inactivation on 2D Cu-Titania Surfaces under Indoor Visible Light

“…Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the binding energy (BE) of the Cuspecies was observed to shift after the bacterial inactivation cycle, providing evidence for redox processes during bacterial inactivation. The inactivation of Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and MRSA isolates is important due their strong infectious effects and the fact that they can survive for months in health facilities [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][23][24][25][26]. The inactivation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Gram-positive, Gram-negative, or fungi on Cu-polyester (Cu-PES) has been reported [132,133].…”

“…Pathogens are capable of living in any environment where the minimal conditions of life are encountered, since they have the ability to form biofilms, adhering to each other and to surfaces. These pathogenic bacteria are continuously spread in closed environments, most commonly in health facilities [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) are becoming a worldwide problem since bacteria can survive on abiotic surfaces for a long time.…”

Insight into the catalyst/photocatalyst microstructure presenting the same composition but leading to a variance in bacterial reduction under indoor visible light

“…The substrate to target distance was set at 10 cm. The polyethylene (PET) used as substrate was made up by highly branched low crystalline semi-transparent film with the formula H(CH 2 CH 2 ) n H. The (LDPE) 0.1 mm thick was obtained from Good- fellow, UK (ET3112019), had a density of 0.92 g/cm 3 , and a flowing point of 185 • C.…”

“…The search of innovative antibacterial materials/surfaces able to inactivate bacteria/pathogens within very short times presenting high stability, adhesion and long-operational lifetime has gained in attention during the last decade due to the increase in the number of pathogenic infections leading to serious illness and death [1][2][3][4][5]. Biofilms spreading bacteria in hospitals, schools, public places are the most common and dangerous form of infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses.…”