Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment and Rheological Investigation of Two Different Hand Sanitizers Compared with the Standard Reference WHO Formulation 1

Abstract

(1) Background: recently, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) has become very frequent, and an evaluation of the stability and effectiveness of their formulations is a critical topic which should be carefully considered. (2) Methods: starting from the characterization of the hand sanitizers object of the study, our interest was focused on their rheological behavior in order to confirm their intrinsic features, but also the stability of each formulation in different conditions of shear and temperature; the second aspect concerns the antimicrobial assessment through a panel of in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. (3) Results: rheological investigation confirmed good stability for the two hand sanitizers in gel formula with respect to the reference in liquid formula; the antimicrobial activity evaluation showed good efficacy of each formulation both in vitro and in vivo. (4) Conclusions: altogether, our overview presents a valid quality control assessment to ensure the stability and efficacy of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

Quality Assessment and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Varying Formulations of Nipa Bioethanol-Derived Gel

“…Some treatments with lower viscosity values exhibited very active antibacterial activity, while others with higher viscosity values also exhibited very active antibacterial activity. Studies carried out by Chojnacki, M., et al (2021) and Sommatis, S., et al ( 2023) provide examples of this phenomenon (15,16) . However, further studies may be needed to investigate the relationship between viscosity and antibacterial activity in alcogel treatments.…”

“…While WHO formulations serve as a reliable reference, certain limitations are associated with their liquid consistency (7) . These limitations include challenges in spreading the sanitizer evenly and the potential for inadequate quantities being dispensed.…”

Development and Characterization of a Hand Rub Gel Produced with Artisan Alcohol (Puntas), Silver Nanoparticles, and Saponins from Quinoa

“…Efficiency, per-formance, and customer perception are linked to gel viscosity values. In the sensory aspect, the gel will be distributed on the skin for 20 to 30 s and dry entirely afterward [52]. For this reason, hydrogels can be considered more desirable than liquid forms due to the effortless application, alcoholic evaporation rate, and increased lethality in microorganisms [53].…”