Antimicrobial effects of mechanical debridement

Abstract

Self-performed plaque removal using manual or powered toothbrushes and interdental cleaning devices is improved in subjects that have received oral hygiene instructions. Personal oral hygiene coupled with regular professional supragingival debridement may further improve the level of plaque control but still fails to achieve a completely plaque-free dentition. Both patient-performed and professional supragingival plaque removal has an effect on subgingival microbiota that is limited to the marginal 3 mm of the periodontal pocket. At sites with 4 mm or more of probing depth, only subgingival scaling leads to a significant reduction of the bacterial load. The subgingival microflora can be further reduced by pocket elimination surgery. Due to the sequence of bacterial recolonization that occurs following mechanical debridement, the level of periodontal pathogens such as B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and T. denticola may be reduced for several months. Mechanical debridement also influences the patient's immune system response, resulting in antibody titers and avidity against periodontal pathogens. As a basis for the restoration and maintenance of periodontal health, repeated subgingival debridement, as performed in supportive periodontal therapy, can reduce the number and proportions of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque. However, intensive subgingival scaling and root planing should be avoided in sites that probe less than 3 mm, as this is likely to traumatize the periodontium and cause attachment loss.

Effects of egg yolk antibody against Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains in periodontitis patients

“…This, in turn, may shift the ecological balance of the oral flora, inhibiting the recolonization of P. gingivalis in periodontal pockets after SRP. Following disruption of the bacterial biofilm by SRP and inhibition of P. gingivalis by IgY-GP administration, early colonizers, which are predominantly nonpathogenic, may be faster in occupying the vacant habitat, and thus result in reduced P. gingivalis levels (44,45).…”

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

“…Periodontal nonsurgical therapy significantly reduces this baseline flora, thereby allowing an examination of the microbiome as it recolonizes (9,16,18). Monitoring the microbial changes during recolonization from this clean-slate baseline also allows comparisons between individuals to be made over time.…”

Comparison of two methods of dental prophylaxis: evaluation of arterial pressure and patient comfort in a clinical randomized controlled trial

“…Until 1980, the dentists performed dental prophylaxis using rubber cups and brushes with an abrasive low speed motor. With the emergence of a new method consisting of a spray comprised of powder sodium bicarbonate, water and air, dental prophylaxis became more rapid and efficient [1][2][3] . Sodium bicarbonate is a nontoxic, water soluble abrasive that is considered ideal for intra-oral use.…”

“…Thus, biofilm removal and control are fundamental to the treatment of periodontal disease and the maintenance of oral health. Patients control biofilm formation by means of oral hygiene, but local factors or motor limitations hinder cleaning and necessitate professional cleaning to maintain the health of the oral tissues 1 .…”