Antimicrobial effects of allicin and ketoconazole on trichophyton rubrum under in vitro condition

Abstract

Dermatophytosis is caused by a group of pathogenic fungi namely, dermatophytes, is among the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. Azole drugs are widely used in the treatment of dermatomycosis, but can cause various side effects and drug resistance to the patients. Hence, for solving this problem can be used from the plant extract as alternative for chemical drugs. Allicin is a pure bioactive compound isolated from garlic was tested for its potential as a treatment of dermatomycosis in this study. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of pure allicin against ten isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and the MIC50 and MIC90 ranged from 0.78-12.5 μg/ml for allicin. The results revealed that the order of efficacy based on the MICs values, all isolates showed almost comparable response to allicin and ketoconazole except for some isolates, at 28 °C for both 7 and 10 days incubation. Mann-Whitney test indicate that MICs at 7 days incubation was not observed a significant difference between the effects of allicin and ketoconazole (p > 0.05), but MICs at 10 days incubation, a significant difference was observed (p ≤ 0.05). On the other side, time kill studies revealed that allicin used its fungicidal activity within 12-24 h of management in vitro as well as ketoconazole. In conclusion, allicin showed very good potential as an antifungal compound against mycoses-causing dermatophytes, almost the same as the synthetic drug ketoconazole. Therefore, this antifungal agent appears to be effective, safe and suitable alternative for the treatment of dermatomycosis.

Redox Modulation at Work: Natural Phytoprotective Polysulfanes From Alliums Based on Redox-Active Sulfur

“…MIC values have been converted to mg/L where other concentration units were reported in the literature Garlic component/preparation Organism MIC (mg/L) Percentage inhibition at MIC (%) Reference Allicin C. albicans 0.8 100 [ 34 ] C. neoformans 0.3 C. parapsilosis 0.15 C. tropicalis 0.3 C. krusei 0.3 T. glabrata 0.3 Aspergillus spp. 8–32 100 [ 35 ] T. rubrum 12.5 90 [ 36 ] DAS2 C. krusei 8 100 [ 14 ] C. albicans 1 C. krusei 8 C. glabrate 4 A. niger 2 A. fumigates 8 A. flavus 4 DAS3 C. krusei 2 100 [ 14 ] C. albicans 0.5 C. krusei 4 C. glabrate 2 A. niger 1 A. fumigates 4 A. flavus 2 Garlic oil a C. albicans 0.35 100 [ 20 ] <...>…”

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial cellulose-based edible film from sago liquid waste incorporated with spices

“…Allicin is one of the organosulfur compounds, namely alliin, a compound that is odourless and has no biological activity. Alliin will be converted into allicin by the enzyme allinase, which has the antifungal ability and is readily volatile [23]. Allicin compounds work by preventing the synthesis of lipids from C. albicans.…”

“…The mechanism of action of allicin compounds is by inhibiting the synthesis of lipids from C. albicans. Lipid is a component of the cell wall of C. albicans, predominantly in the form of phospholipids and sterols; if lipid synthesis is inhibited, the permeability of fungal cell membranes will increase [23].…”

Pharmacological effects of traditional herbal plant garlic (Allium sativum): A review

“…Allicin also causes membrane disruption to inhibit the growth of the fungus 22 . Allicin showed an antifungal activity against mycoses-causing dermatophytes with similar activity to ketoconazole 23 . Oral pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of dental caries and periodontitis such as Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Actinomyces oris, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum are also inhibited by allicin 24 .…”