Antimicrobial effect of isolated compound of <i>Anadelphia afzeliana</i> (Rendle) Stapf on selected wood fungi and bacteria in Makurdi, Nigeria

Abstract

Anadelphia afzeliana was assessed for antimicrobial activity as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. A. afzeliana was collected from Orkar village, Gboko, Benue State. The specimen was pulverized. Methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents were used for extraction. Each solvent measured 1800 ml was added to 300 g of A. afzeliana. The mixture was left to soak for 48 hours. Extract was filtered and allowed to dry by evaporation. Dried extract was mixed with silica gel to run column chromatography. Compounds were analysed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 12.5 µg/m were constituted for antimicrobial sensitive test on ten wood bacteria and nine fungi. NMR showed the presence of stigmasterol (C H O). Antifungal 29 48 test revealed A. fumigatus, C. puteana, G. sepiarium, P. schweinitzii, Rhizopus spp. and S. rolfsii as sensitive to stigmasterol at zones of inhibition (ZOI) of 19, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 20 mm, respectively. Antibacterial showed A. proteobacteria, B. subtilis, B. proteobacteria, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis sensitive at ZOI of 30, 28, 29, 26, 27, 23, and 23 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/ml completely inhibited Alpha proteobacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Beta proteobacteria while Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 50 µg /ml completely killed A. proteobacteria, B. subtilis, and B. proteobacteria. MIC of stigmasterol at 50 µg/ml completely inhibited Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Rhizopus spp. and Sclerotium rolfsii while at 100 µg/ml of Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp. were completely killed. A. afzeliana proved potent in the control of wood fungi and bacteria. MFC and MBC for tested pathogens were observed to be most effective at 50 µg/ml and is therefore recommended as concentration for A. afzeliana compound in the control of fungi and bacteria infections.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Vitellaria paradoxa fractions and compounds on some wood Fungi and Bacteria

“…The filtrates were evaporated to obtain dried extracts (Plate 1). Column Chromatography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis Dried crude mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was run over silica gel with solvent mixtures of successive increasing polarity of hexane and ethyl acetate in the ratio of 95:5 -0:100, respectively, in column to produce pure compounds or fractions according to Ekhuemelo et al (2018). The fractions of the pure compounds were collected in well-labelled vials and allowed to dry (Plate 2).…”

“…Concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL were prepared from each fraction and antibiotics respectively. The antibiotics used as control were Ketoconazole, fluconazole and Fulcin for fungi; and ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and cefuroxime for bacteria according to Ekhuemelo et al (2018).…”

“…Different concentrations (200 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL) of fractions were added to media in the Petri dishes and inoculated with the test fungi. The mixture was incubated and examined for growth according to Ekhuemelo et al (2018). The lowest concentration of the fraction that inhibits visible growth of the test fungi was recorded as the MIC.…”

Anti-Termite Effect of Anadelphia Afzeliana (Rendle) Stapf Extracts on Selected Wood Species in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

“…Gebashe et al (2020) reported soluble flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids, phenolic content, and phenolic acids phytochemicals from the profiles of thirteen medicinal grasses used for traditional medicine in South African. Ekhuemelo et al, (2018b) characterized stigmasterol from A. afzeliana. The potential effect of A. afzeliana to prevent or control the rate of termite activity could be the presence of resins in both methanol and aqueous extracts.…”