Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean

Guzmán-Blanco, Manuel; Istúriz, Raúl

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-89370-9_19

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Resistance prevalences in other Latin American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela) are similar: 53-79% resistant to ampicillin, 33-68% to cotrimoxazole, and 7-32% to ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, Mexico's neighbor, Guatemala, had strikingly similar resistance rates: 79%, 68% and 32%, respectively; the highest in the region [23].…”

Section: Consequences: More Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Amábile-Cuevas¹

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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As in many other developing countries, conditions that may foster antibiotic resistance in Mexico differ from developed countries, as does resistance prevalence. Fecal pollution and other characteristics of overcrowded, poor cities might create ideal settings for selecting, exchanging and maintaining resistance traits. Medical abuse of antibiotics, along with low-quality drugs, is also present as in many other developing countries. Self-prescription, a common yet unmeasured practice among the Mexican population, may also contribute to increased resistance rates. Pneumococcal resistance towards penicillin and macrolides are the highest in Latin American countries, as is resistance of Salmonella and uropathogenic Escherichia coli towards ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; about one-tenth of isolates of these gram-negative pathogens seem to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). High rates of multiple-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also found in Mexico, although there is no report of extensively drug-resistant strains. As to hospital-acquired pathogens, about a third of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates are ESBL-producers, and half of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are resistant to oxacillin (MRSA). Approximately 40% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are resistant to ceftazidime, imipenem or levofloxacin. Although community-acquired MRSA, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and other resistance problems found in developed countries are not as common in Mexico, local issues are no small concern, and are disturbingly moving towards outpatients.

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Section: Consequences: More Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Amábile-Cuevas¹

2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Análisis de los genes de bomba de eflujo en aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a betalactámicos en un hospital de tercer nivel en Ecuador

Armendáriz‐Castillo¹,

Grijalva²,

Vallejo³

et al. 2017

REMCB

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa es un microorganismo responsable de una amplia variedad de infecciones y es uno de los principales patógenos multiresistentes ante antibióticos β-lactámicos. Uno de los principales mecanismos de resistencia en P. aeruginosa constituyen las bombas de eflujo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar el mecanismo de bombas de eflujo mediante el estudio de expresión de 4 genes (mexA, mexX, oprJ y oprM) involucrados en este mecanismo en Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cuarenta aislados clínicos (20 resistentes y 20 sensibles) fueron recolectados en el Laboratorio de Bacteriología del Hospital “Carlos Andrade Marin” en Quito-Ecuador. Los niveles de expression de los genes seleccionados fueron evaluados por RT-qPCR usando RpsL como gen constitutivo para el análisis de cuantificación relativa basado en el método ΔΔCt ajustado. La importancia de las bombas de eflujo como mecanismos de resistencia fue confirmada ya que el estudio de expresión de los genes relacionados con bombas de eflujo mostró sobreexpresión de ellos en todos los aislados fenotípicamente resistentes. Se realizó además un análisis fenotipo/genotipo comparando los resultados del antibiograma (AST) con los perfiles de expresión. La sobreexpresión de mexA (genotipo) mostró correlación con el fenotipo de resistencia a TPZ, mientras que el genotipo mexX se correlacionó con los fenotipos de resistencia a IPM, MEM y FEP. En conclusion, los patrones de expression de los genes relacionados con bombas de eflujo sugieren la presencia de mecanismos de resistencia basados en transmisión horizontal que posibilitan la diseminación de patógenos en el ambiente hospitalario.

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Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Antibiotic resistance in Mexico: a brief overview of the current status and its causes

Análisis de los genes de bomba de eflujo en aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a betalactámicos en un hospital de tercer nivel en Ecuador

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