Antimicrobial Drug Delivery to the Eye

Lesar, Timothy S.; Fiscella, Richard G.

doi:10.1177/106002808501900905

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The rapid drug elimination following direct administration is particularly important, since, for other antimicrobial compounds, intravitreal administration is considered the primary route of drug administration (3,21). Therefore, to determine whether we could prolong the therapeutic effect of fleroxacin in the vitreous humor, we examined the effects of probenecid on quinolone elimination from the vitreous body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies simply describe drug penetration in the eye to determine whether therapeutic concentrations are achieved. While composite data from different subjects are occasionally pooled (11,21,23,36), this approach to pharmacokinetic analysis is limited because of intersubject variation (33). Penetration of many antibiotics is marginal following systemic drug administra1Op- 10 Ie tion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinetic constants from each animal were then combined to generate population data (2,21,23,26). Ocular and serum pharmacokinetics were compared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fleroxacin pharmacokinetics in aqueous and vitreous humors determined by using complete concentration-time data from individual rabbits

Miller

Madu

Samathanam

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Although composite data from separate subjects can be used to generate single-subject estimates, intersubject variation precludes rigorous ocular pharmacokinetic analysis. Therefore, a rabbit model in which sequential aqueous and vitreous humor samples were obtained following the administration of the quinolone fleroxacin was developed. Mean data from individual animals were used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Following direct intravitreal or systemic drug administration, sequential paracenteses did not alter pharmacokinetic constants or ocular penetration and were not associated with an increase in ocular protein; contamination of vitreous humor with blood was minimal (<0.1%). Following direct injection or intravenous administration, vitreous humor concentration-time data were best described by one-and two-compartment models, respectively. The maximum concentration and the penetration into the aqueous and vitreous humors were 1.54 and 0.5 ,ug/ml and 27 and 10%, respectively. Elimination rates from aqueous and vitreous humors and serum were similar following parenteral drug administration. Drug elimination following direct injection was rapid, and the elimination rate from the vitreous humor was not prolonged by the coadministration of probenecid. Our animal model provides a new approach to the rigorous examination of the ocular pharmacokinetics of quinolone antimicrobial agents in the eye.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fleroxacin pharmacokinetics in aqueous and vitreous humors determined by using complete concentration-time data from individual rabbits

Miller

Madu

Samathanam

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…70 Topical application is the main stay of ocular drug delivery systems and the topical route is the preferred method of application of antibiotics in therapy for bacterial keratitis. [71][72][73] Eyedrops are the most common route of antibiotic delivery to the eye. Other topical preparations, including ointments, gels, and sustained release vehicles, are used to achieve higher concentrations of antibiotics in the corneal stroma.…”

Section: Routes Of Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of bacterial keratitis: beyond exorcism towards consideration of organism and host factors

O’Brien

2003

Eye

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“…Doxycycline or chloramphenicol have been recommended as the antibiotics of choice for Rickettsia conorii. In this case, we used chloramphenicol because its therapeutic ratio has been well studied after intravitreal injections (Lesar & Fiscella 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Rickettsia conorii

Mendívil

Cuartero

1998

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: We report herein the first confirmed case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Rickettsia conorii. Methods: Indirect immunofluorescence was performed in peripheral blood with antibodies against Rickettsia conorii. A vitreous aspirate was studied by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies against Rickettsia conorii and by direct immunofluorescence with conjugated antigen against Rickettsia conorii. Results: Indirect immunofluorescence in peripheral blood gave a titre of 1/320 at that moment and 1/640 fifteen days later. The vitreous aspirate studied by indirect immunofluorescence gave a titre of 1/620 and it showed a positive reaction to Rickettsia conorii antigen by direct immunofluorescence. Conclusion: Rickettsia conorii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis in areas where Mediterranean spotted fever is endemic.

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Antimicrobial Drug Delivery to the Eye

Cited by 45 publications

References 129 publications

Fleroxacin pharmacokinetics in aqueous and vitreous humors determined by using complete concentration-time data from individual rabbits

Fleroxacin pharmacokinetics in aqueous and vitreous humors determined by using complete concentration-time data from individual rabbits

Management of bacterial keratitis: beyond exorcism towards consideration of organism and host factors

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Rickettsia conorii

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