Antimicrobial Drug Administration and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates Originating from the Broiler Production Value Chain in Nigeria

Abstract

Salmonella is among the pathogens on the high global priority lists for monitoring for studies on the discovery of new antimicrobials and understanding of how antimicrobial resistance (AMR) develops. AMR in connection with antibiotic usage patterns has been considered as a strong factor and contributor to the AMR pool. The purposes of use, pattern of antimicrobial drug administration, as well as the prevalence of AMR in Salmonella originating from the Nigeria broiler production value chain (NBPVC) was explored. A well-structured questionnaire on antimicrobial usage (n = 181) was used for sampling that focused on 21 antimicrobials from 151 locations. Simultaneously, AMR testing for 18 commonly used antimicrobials on Salmonella in humans was also carried out. Antimicrobial resistance Salmonella spp. were isolated in 23% of the samples (261 of 1135 samples from the broiler input, products, and the environment) using modified ISO 6579 and invA PCR protocols. Over 80% of the antimicrobials used in the NBPVC were administered without a veterinarian prescription. Prevalence of antimicrobial administration without prescription were as follows: live-bird-market (100%), hatchery (86.7%), grow-out-farm (75%), and breeder (66.7%). Widespread prophylactic and metaphylactic use of antimicrobials were recorded with the highest use seen for enrofloxacin (63% and 24%), tetracycline (58% and 33%), and erythromycin (50% and 17%). Antimicrobial resistance was highest for flumequine (100%), penicillin (95%), and perfloxacin (89%). High levels of use without laboratory support of a newer generation of a class of antibiotics suspected to confer high resistance on older generations of the same class (quinolones) was observed.

Epidemiology of streptomycin resistant Salmonella from humans and animals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In this meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of streptomycin resistant Salmonella serovars among animals and humans was 54% and 44%, respectively. This is higher than a meta-analysis among poultry (22.5%) and humans (12.4%) in Brazil [55]; and Broiler Production (2.8%) in a Nigerian national study [56]. The difference might be related to the difference in Salmonella serovars isolated, the AMR prevention and control practice across the countries, the microbiological diagnostic methods used, or the nature of the study population.…”

Bacteriological analysis of water quality in a recreational park pond in Rivers State, Nigeria

“…In contrast to susceptibility patterns to other antibiotics, a high rate of resistance (55.9%) was noted against perfloxacin. This drug is used in veterinary medicine particularly in poultry farming and similar values have been described in organisms isolated from poultry environment (Moutafchieva and Yarkov 2006, Hemen et al, 2012, Musa et al, 2017, Oloso et al, 2019.…”

Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Plasmids in Salmonella Serovars from Poultry in Nigeria

“…Previous studies have investigated the prevalence of AMR in Salmonella in sub-Saharan Africa [11][12][13][14][15]. However, there is scarce information on the role of resistance plasmids in the spread of MDR Salmonella in the region, particularly in poultry production, and it is currently unknown whether the so-called epidemic resistance plasmids are harbored in strains of Salmonella.…”