Antimicrobial Double-Layer Wound Dressing Based on Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Copper: In vitro and in vivo Assessment

Abstract

Purpose: Today, the development of wounds and their side effects has become a problematic issue in medical science research. Hydrogel-based dressings are some of the best candidates for this purpose due to their ability to keep the wound bed clean, as well as provide proper moisture, tissue compatibility and an antimicrobial effect for wound healing. On the other hand, copper and its compounds have been used experimentally for many years in studies as an antimicrobial substance. Various studies have been performed determining the antimicrobial properties of this element, during which significant effects on infection have been shown. Methods: Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/copper nanofibers were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu onto a polymer electrospun using an electrospinning technique. A doublelayer nanofiber composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan incorporated with Cu nanoparticles as a protective layer and a second layer composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers which was adjacent to the damaged cells was prepared. The prepared nanofiber was characterized by TGA, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDS, and X-ray powder diffraction. The antimicrobial efficiency of the nanofibers was demonstrated through biological tests on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the prepared hydrogel formulations were prepared to evaluate their effect on the healing process of rat open wounds. Results: In this study, data from SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD confirmed the formation of uniform fibers with nanodiameters and the presence of Cu nanoparticles onto the electrospun nanofibers. The antibacterial activity of copper was observed against all of the selected bacteria, but the Grampositive bacteria were more sensitive compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion:According to the obtained results, the hydrogel wound dressing prepared in this research can be effective in caring for open wounds in the early stages of wound healing and preventing the occurrence of prolonged open wounds.

Electrospun Biodegradable Nanofibers Coated Homogenously by Cu Magnetron Sputtering Exhibit Fast Ion Release. Computational and Experimental Study

“…The preparation of copper/copper oxide nanofibrous materials became a prevalent topic thanks to a vast range of applications of such nanomaterials, including catalysis [1,2], disinfection [3], antiviral nanocomposites [4], antibacterial wound dressings [5,6], sensors [7], CO 2 electrocatalytic reduction [8] and others. The advantage of using Cu nanofibers instead of other forms of nano or micromaterials is their high surface-to-volume ratio, the possibility to prepare sheets or foils of Cu nanofibers without any limitations in terms of their size, the opportunity to run the continuous roll-to-roll process, and its scalability.…”

Marine Polysaccharides for Wound Dressings Application: An Overview

“…The most commonly added agents in current research of MPs wound dressings are metal nanoparticles (NPs), which are safer and more efficient than metal ions. Ag NPs are the most widely used metallic broad-spectrum antibacterial [295,296], with the rest including Au NPs [297], Cu NPs [298], ZnO NPs [299,300], AgSD NPs [301], CeO 2 NPs [302] and TiO 2 NPs [303]. These metal NPs show good inhibition against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, etc.…”

Modifications of Wound Dressings with Bioactive Agents to Achieve Improved Pro-Healing Properties

“…Impaired angiogenesis occurring in the chronic wounds also results in chronic hypoxia and inadequate micronutrient delivery. The mentioned phenomenon was identified in ischemic ulcers, venous insufficiency ulcers, and diabetic ulcers [12,13]. Apart from a higher concentration of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), chronic wounds are characterized by excessive levels of proinflammatory cytokines; deficiency of stem cells; high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and decreased levels of various growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [7,9].…”