Antimicrobial Delivery Systems

Abstract

There is increasing interest in the production of delivery systems to encapsulate natural antimicrobial compounds to increase their antimicrobial efficiency, and also to reduce their interactions with food components and inactivation in the food matrix. Such interest in use of natural antimicrobials in foods is a result of consumer preference for clean-label products, which places demands upon the food industry to replace traditional synthetic preservatives with natural alternatives. In this chapter, different antimicrobial delivery systems, which include nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, solid-liquid polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, and nanofibers, as well as their preparation methods, are reviewed. The relevant properties and advantages and disadvantages of different antimicrobial delivery systems are highlighted, and potential and current applications for these delivery systems are also discussed.

Recent Advances in the Development of Lipid-, Metal-, Carbon-, and Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Applications

“…Studies have found that solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with retinoic acid and lauric acid inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis , P. acnes, and S. aureus [ 75 ]. A second generation of lipid nanoparticles that can improve the loading capacity and inhibit the excretion of bioactive compounds, called nanostructured lipid carriers, was recently developed from a mixture of solid lipids and liquid lipids [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Compared to the crystalline lipid core of solid lipid nanoparticles, the structural imperfections of nanostructured lipid carriers with less ordered crystalline arrangement can further improve the loading capacity and prevent the drug leakage for better antibacterial activity.…”

Lipid-Based Nanostructures for the Delivery of Natural Antimicrobials

“…Liposomes are closed vesicles composed of amphiphilic lipids that can entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules [8]. Nanoemulsions are often classified as either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) dispersions stabilized by a surfactant molecule or interfacial film, whose droplet size ranges from 20 to 600 nm [11]. On the other hand, lipid nanoparticles are classified into two categories: (i) SLNs produced from a single solid lipid species and (ii) NLCs formed from blends of liquid lipids (unsaturated fatty acids) and solid lipids [33].…”

“…Lipid-based systems have demonstrated significant value as drug delivery platforms in biomedical applications. These delivery systems range from simple oil solutions to complex combinations of lipids, surfactants and co-surfactants [10,11]. Liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are two important lipid-based nanostructures widely studied as antimicrobial carriers.…”

“…Liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are two important lipid-based nanostructures widely studied as antimicrobial carriers. In addition, nanoemulsions have proven their efficacy for delivery of some natural antimicrobials such as essential oils, and more recently nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been introduced as the next generation of the SLNs to overlook the potential limitations of SLNs [11][12][13].…”