Antimicrobial Constituents and Synergism Effect of the Essential Oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Alpinia galanga

Abstract

From the fresh leaf sheathes of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and rhizomes of galanga (Alpinia galanga) light yellow and colorless oils, respectively, were obtained by hydrodistillation and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) in yields of 0.24% and 0.03%, and 0.11% and trace (w/w), respectively. By GC/MS analysis, five major constituents were identified in lemongrass oil, E-citral, Z-citral, β-myrcene, selina-6-en-4-ol, and cis-ocimene, and five in galanga oil, 1,8-cineole, phenol 4-(2-propenyl)-acetate, dl-limonene, α-pinene, and α-terpineol. Three major components of the combined lemongrass and galanga oils (

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Synergistic Properties of Essential Oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Seven Mediterranean Aromatic Plants

“…nepeta, against S. aureus ATCC 25923. These results corroborate several other studies that reported additivity or moderate synergy between EOs …”

“…Once the MIC was established, the assay was redone using a narrower range adjusted appropriately. Briefly, for the EOs with an initial MIC of 10 mg/ml the final concentrations tested were: 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 mg/ml; for those with an initial MIC of 20 mg/ml, were: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 mg/ml; and finally the EOs with an initial MIC of 40 mg/ml were tested again at the concentrations of: 25,30,35,40,45, 50, 60, 70 mg/ml. Fresh colonies were picked from an overnight culture and suspended in MHB.…”

In vitro Effects of Lemongrass Extract on Candida albicans Biofilms, Human Cells Viability, and Denture Surface

“…The antifungal effects of lemongrass in several formulations (e.g., citral, vapor phase, essential oil, or hydro-alcoholic extracts) are well-established, and the present data corroborates the literature (Abe et al, 2003 ; Silva Cde et al, 2008 ; Irkin and Korukluoglu, 2009 ; Korenblum et al, 2013 ; Amornvit et al, 2014 ; Tadtong et al, 2014 ). Considering that most Candida cells in the oral cavity are associated with biofilms, which differ substantially from planktonic cells due to their higher antifungal resistance (Ramage et al, 2014 ), investigating the behavior of cells organized in biofilms when they are exposed to LGE is of the utmost importance.…”

“…In the process of developing new pharmacologically active compounds, plants used in folk medicine represent a rational approach to the quest for drugs (Ahmad and Beg, 2001 ; Duarte et al, 2005 ; Rios and Recio, 2005 ; Vieira et al, 2014 ). Among these plants, Cymbopogon citratus , an herb known around the world as lemongrass, has been reported to exert potent inhibitory effects against Candida species (Abe et al, 2003 ; Silva Cde et al, 2008 ; Irkin and Korukluoglu, 2009 ; Amornvit et al, 2014 ; Tadtong et al, 2014 ). Thus, the application of lemongrass as an effective and easily available antifungal agent could be considered an alternative approach to reducing C. albicans biofilms on denture surfaces.…”

“…It is important to point out that in most studies, lemongrass susceptibility tests were performed in planktonic cells (Abe et al, 2003 ; Silva Cde et al, 2008 ; Irkin and Korukluoglu, 2009 ; Tyagi and Malik, 2010 ; Khan and Ahmad, 2012 ; Amornvit et al, 2014 ; Boukhatem et al, 2014 ; Tadtong et al, 2014 ), while most C. albicans cells in the oral cavity were associated with biofilms. It is known that biofilms differ substantially from planktonic cells, particularly in terms of their higher antifungal resistance (Ramage et al, 2014 ).…”