Antimicrobial coatings for environmental surfaces in hospitals: a potential new pillar for prevention strategies in hygiene

Bäumler, Wolfgang; Eckl, Daniel Bernhard; Holzmann, Thomas; Schneider-Brachert, Wulf

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2021.1991271

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 320 publications

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“…AMC act independently and autonomously without assistance of the staff, in particular in the time gap of routine disinfections. That produces a permanent reduction of the mean number of microbes on such coated surfaces, thereby reducing the risk of transmission [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, different technologies exist to equip inanimate surfaces with AMC, which may contain biocidal substances like silver, copper, titanium dioxide or quaternary ammoniums. Many of these AMC technologies were tested under laboratory conditions only, in particular with procedures using wet conditions only like ISO 22196 (bacteria) or ISO 21702 (virus) [15,35,36]. In case of silver AMC, it was already shown that the antimicrobial efficacy disappeared when surfaces are dry as in reality under normal ambient humidity conditions [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not surprising as most of the AMC biocides need a liquid on the inanimate surface for transportation of the biocidal substance from the AMC to the microbes. In addition, most of laboratory tests were performed on thoroughly cleaned AMC because soiling hampers the antimicrobial efficacy, in particular for copper and quaternary ammoniums [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2021, the European Medical Association stated that metals like copper, zinc and silver, which were used in AMC, are also known to elicit co-selection for AMR genes and thus might play a role in the development and spread of AMR [41]. The co-or cross resistance induced by such metals may lead to bacteria that show also an increased resistance to antibiotics [15,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses

Kalb¹,

Bäßler²,

Schneider-Brachert³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Millions of people use public transportation daily worldwide and frequently touch surfaces, thereby producing a reservoir of microorganisms on surfaces increasing the risk of transmission. Constant occupation makes sufficient cleaning difficult to achieve. Thus, an autonomous, perma-nent antimicrobial coating (AMC) could keep down the microbial burden on such surfaces. A photodynamic AMC was applied to frequently touched surfaces in buses. The microbial burden (colony forming units, cfu) was determined weekly and compared to equivalent surfaces in buses without AMC (references). The microbial burden ranged from 0 – 209 cfu/cm² on references and from 0 – 54 cfu/cm² on AMC. The means were 13.4 ± 29.6 cfu/cm² on references and 4.5 ± 8.4 cfu/cm² on AMC (p<0.001). The difference of microbial burden on AMC and references was al-most constant throughout the study. Considering a hygiene benchmark of 5 cfu/cm², the data yield an absolute risk reduction of 22.6 % and a relative risk reduction of 50.7 %. In conclusion, photo-dynamic AMC kept down the microbial burden, reducing the risk of transmission of microor-ganisms. AMC permanently and autonomously contributes to hygienic conditions on surfaces in public transportation. Photodynamic AMC therefore are suitable for reducing the microbial load and closing hygiene gaps in public transportation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses

Kalb¹,

Bäßler²,

Schneider-Brachert³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To mitigate such a pathogen transmission, frequently touched inanimate surfaces can be equipped with an antimicrobial coating (AMC), initially developed to protect inanimate surfaces in health-care settings [ 15 ]. An AMC acts permanently and autonomously and can thereby reduce the contamination of surfaces complementing cleaning and hygiene procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation—A Field Study in Buses

Kalb

Bäßler

Schneider-Brachert

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Millions of people use public transportation daily worldwide and frequently touch surfaces, thereby producing a reservoir of microorganisms on surfaces increasing the risk of transmission. Constant occupation makes sufficient cleaning difficult to achieve. Thus, an autonomous, permanent, antimicrobial coating (AMC) could keep down the microbial burden on such surfaces. A photodynamic AMC was applied to frequently touched surfaces in buses. The microbial burden (colony forming units, cfu) was determined weekly and compared to equivalent surfaces in buses without AMC (references). The microbial burden ranged from 0–209 cfu/cm2 on references and from 0–54 cfu/cm2 on AMC. The means were 13.4 ± 29.6 cfu/cm2 on references and 4.5 ± 8.4 cfu/cm2 on AMC (p < 0.001). The difference in microbial burden on AMC and references was almost constant throughout the study. Considering a hygiene benchmark of 5 cfu/cm2, the data yield an absolute risk reduction of 22.6% and a relative risk reduction of 50.7%. In conclusion, photodynamic AMC kept down the microbial burden, reducing the risk of transmission of microorganisms. AMC permanently and autonomously contributes to hygienic conditions on surfaces in public transportation. Photodynamic AMC therefore are suitable for reducing the microbial load and closing hygiene gaps in public transportation.

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Scalable Synthesis of Self‐Disinfecting Polycationic Coatings for Hospital Relevant Surfaces

Watts

Lassenberger

Valentin

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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The prevention of microbial infections is a global challenge. Efficient antimicrobial coatings that rapidly kill microorganisms upon contact can help minimize their transmission. However, their scalable synthesis is challenging. This work demonstrates the scalable synthesis and characterization of self‐disinfecting nanofilms for the postmodification of hospital‐relevant surfaces. Their antimicrobial action is based on charge interactions between a supercharged cationic surface film and the negatively charged bacteria membrane. Photoinitiated bulk polymerization of an air‐dried [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride film on cotton (gowns), nitrile rubber (protective gloves), and glass surfaces (tables, screens) is used for their supercharging, and studied with streaming potential measurements. A 6 nm thick coating dominated by cationic quarternary amine groups is shown by a combination of spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Antimicrobial in vitro evaluation of the coated surfaces demonstrates up to ≈4 log reductions in bacterial populations in less than 5 min. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and live‐dead staining confirm the surface‐induced killing of bacteria. The coating's range of compatible materials and its rapid bactericidal activity can combat the surface transmission of bacteria and may help to contain the spread of infectious diseases. Its synthesis in environmental conditions is promising for integration into industrial processes.

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Antimicrobial coatings for environmental surfaces in hospitals: a potential new pillar for prevention strategies in hygiene

Cited by 28 publications

References 320 publications

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation - a Field Study in Buses

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation—A Field Study in Buses

Scalable Synthesis of Self‐Disinfecting Polycationic Coatings for Hospital Relevant Surfaces

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