Antimicrobial Coating: Tracheal Tube Application

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and serious nosocomial infection in mechanically ventilated patients, increasing mortality, prolonging the patient length of stay, and increasing costs. In recent years, extensive studies on ventilator-associated pneumonia have shown that tracheal intubation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of VAP, with the primary mechanism being the rapid colonization of the tracheal intubation surface by microbiota. Antibiotics do not combat microbial airway colonization, and antimicrobial coating materials offer new ideas to solve this problem. This paper reviews the current research progress on the role of endotracheal tube (ET) biofilms in the pathogenesis of VAP and antimicrobial coating materials.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with ICU-acquired infections in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study

“…In patients with sepsis, this risk of developing ICU-acquired infection is influenced by multiple interrelated factors. For example, some studies from 10 years ago with small sample sizes or covering a short period of ( Chen et al., 2022 ) time showed that advanced age, disease severity, deep venous catheterization, and invasive ventilation were associated with an increased risk of incident ICU-acquired infection in sepsis ( Wolkewitz et al., 2014 ; van Vught et al., 2016 ; Chen et al., 2019 ). Despite associations of lower human leukocyte antigen expression and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels with ICU-acquired infection ( van Vught et al., 2017 ; Stortz et al., 2018 ), identifying which patients are at a higher risk of sepsis-associated ICU-acquired infection remains clinically challenging.…”

Airway Management in Pediatric Patients: Cuff-Solved Problem?

“…The minimal intracuff pressure could however lead to an increased incidence of regurgitation/aspiration and VAP development. Polyurethane seems to be a material superior to PVC for the cuff; however, tube or cuff coating with silver [ 94 ], antibiotics [ 95 ] or even nanomaterials to decrease the biofilm formation and VAP incidence could be the source for further tracheal tube research in the future.…”

Engineering Bacterial Biofilm Development and Structure via Regulation of Silver Nanoparticle Density in Graphene Oxide Composite Coating

“…One approach to hinder the adhesion and colonization of planktonic bacteria onto implants involves incorporating an antimicrobial surface onto the device. Over the past few decades, various antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, , peptides, , polymers, − and nanoparticles , have been utilized for modifying implants and creating bactericidal coatings. − These functionalized implants can effectively impede the initial adhesion of planktonic bacteria while also inactivating surface-adherent bacteria to disrupt biofilm development.…”