Antimicrobial Cellulose Modified with Nanotitania and CyclicN-Halamine

Abstract

Organic−inorganic composites have the drawn attention of researchers due to their combined properties. In this work, poly [5,5-dimethyl-3-(3′-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) was synthesized and coated onto cotton fibers together with titania nanoparticles (TiO 2 ) by chemical binding in a one-bath process. The treated cotton with improved UV stability can produce biocidal properties against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) upon chlorination with diluted sodium hypochlorite solutions. The characteristics of the coated cotton were determined by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and XPS, and the washing stability and antibacterial efficacies were tested. Moreover, the N−Cl bond and compound stability under UV irradiation were measured. It was found that the treated cotton showed excellent antimicrobial properties within a brief contact time and great washing stability. The N−Cl bond and compound itself showed excellent stability under UV light irradiation. ■ INTRODUCTIONAs surface antibacterial agents, phosphonium salts, 1−3 quaternary ammonium salts, 4−6 chitosan, 7−9 and N-halamine compounds 10−17 are currently studied and applied in infection control. Among these materials, N-halamine compounds show superior antibacterial properties against a broad spectrum of bacteria within brief contact times with advantages of being environmentally friendly and exhibiting regeneration upon exposure to household bleach solution. The oxidative halogen of N-halamine compounds can be directly transferred to the microbial cell membrane and then inactivate the microorganisms. The poor UV stabilities of some of the N-halamine compounds might limit their practical application. For example, N−Cl bonds of N-halamine siloxanes and covalent bonds between hydantoin siloxanes and cellulose are easily broken under UV light irradiation. 18−20 In our previous work, 21 we have reported that nanotitania was incorporated into the coating of N-halamine diols onto cotton via 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), and the addition of nanotitania in the coatings could dramatically improve the UV stabilities of the N-halamine diols. Therefore, it may be advantageous to bind nanotitania to N-halamine siloxanes and coat onto the fiber surface by covalent bonds to produce antibacterial cotton with improved UV stability and excellent washing stability.Organic−inorganic hybrid materials have received significant interest for a wide range of electronic, 22 magnetic, 23 and optical performances 24−26 because of their better performance properties over the corresponding pure organic or inorganic materials. The usual methods to synthesize the organic−inorganic hybrid compounds are sol−gel, 27−29 in-suit polymerization, 30 and other methods. 31,32 Organosilanes containing one or more alkoxy groups, such as ethyoxy and methoxy groups (−OC 2 H 5 and −OCH 3 ), are widely used as surface modification agents for materials. 33−35 Upon application, alkoxy groups of organosilanes are hydrolyzed to form silanol which can react with OH groups of the subst...

N-halamine antibacterial nanofibrous mats based on polyacrylonitrile and N-halamine for protective face masks

“…There are many literatures about the antibacterial agents, 16 which have been used in microbial infection control including metal, [17][18][19] quaternary ammonium salts, 20 N-halamine, [21][22][23][24] and so on. Among these, N-halamines are the most effective antimicrobial materials against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, [25][26][27] such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and yeasts, 28 and with a great research interest due to their long-term stability and low environmental impact. In recent years, several methods were used to produce antibacterial fibers such as blending, composite spinning, and finishing process.…”

Antibacterial films with enhanced physical properties based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and halogen aminated‐graphene oxide

“…The oxidative halogen can be directly transferred to the cells and then inactivate the cellular systems . Additionally, the partial biocidal efficacy of these N‐halamine compounds can be easily recharged upon exposure to the household bleach solution . Hence, modification by N‐halamine compounds may greatly enhance the antibacterial activity of GO.…”

Novel hydrophilic N‐halamine polymer with enhanced antibacterial activity synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization

“…The product was then rinsed three times with water. The resulting product was subjected to vacuum drying . The reaction of this process is shown in Scheme .…”