Antimicrobial Biomaterial on Sutures, Bandages and Face Masks with Potential for Infection Control

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge for the survival of the human race. The steady rise of resistant microorganisms against the common antimicrobials results in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Iodine and a plethora of plant secondary metabolites inhibit microbial proliferation. Antiseptic iodophors and many phytochemicals are unaffected by AMR. Surgical site and wound infections can be prevented or treated by utilizing such compounds on sutures and bandages. Coating surgical face masks with these antimicrobials can reduce microbial infections and attenuate their burden on the environment by re-use. The facile combination of Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller (AV), Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) and Iodine (I2) encapsulated in a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix seems a promising alternative to common antimicrobials. The AV-PVP-TCA-I2 formulation was impregnated into sterile discs, medical gauze bandages, surgical sutures and face masks. Morphology, purity and composition were confirmed by several analytical methods. Antimicrobial activity of AV-PVP-TCA-I2 was investigated by disc diffusion methods against ten microbial strains in comparison to gentamycin and nystatin. AV-PVP-TCA-I2 showed excellent antifungal and strong to intermediate antibacterial activities against most of the selected pathogens, especially in bandages and face masks. The title compound has potential use for prevention or treatment of surgical site and wound infections. Coating disposable face masks with AV-PVP-TCA-I2 may be a sustainable solution for their re-use and waste management.

Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility

“…The UV-vis spectrometric analysis of the title compound [Cu(12-crown-4) 2 ]I 5 is in accordance with previous investigations ( Figure 1 ) [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 49 , 50 , 52 ].…”

“…The Raman analysis elucidates part of the composition of the title compound in accordance with previous studies [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 50 , 52 ]. The crown ether complex is confirmed by the Raman shift at 2926 cm −1 ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…As an alternative, iodine has been a known microbicide throughout the history of mankind, with various applications due to its vast availability, ease of operation, and interesting properties [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Iodine is used as a biocide, as iodophor, in different complex forms due to its excellent antimicrobial activities [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Iodine itself, and in the form of povidone iodine, has several drawbacks, such as staining, skin irritation, instability, uncontrolled iodine release, and, therefore, short-term durability in infection control [ 17 , 26 , 27 , 33 ].…”

“…Iodine is used as a biocide, as iodophor, in different complex forms due to its excellent antimicrobial activities [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Iodine itself, and in the form of povidone iodine, has several drawbacks, such as staining, skin irritation, instability, uncontrolled iodine release, and, therefore, short-term durability in infection control [ 17 , 26 , 27 , 33 ]. Complexing agents ameliorate the formation of different stable polyiodides.…”

“…The attachment of iodine (I 2 ) molecules to the stable triiodide I 3 − ions (I 3 − ) by halogen and hydrogen bonding leads to a variety of polyiodide structures [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Triiodides are the basic topology and are utilized in many applications in different fields [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Higher polyiodides can be synthesized depending on complexing/stabilizing agents, solvents, and available counterions [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”