Antimicrobial Biocides Susceptibility and Tolerance-Associated Genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates Collected from Human and Environmental Sources

Kheljan, Malek Namaki; Teymorpour, Roghayeh; Doghaheh, Hadi Peeri; Arzanlou, Mohsen

doi:10.1007/s00284-022-02858-w

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…From the context of effective IPC measures (e.g., hand hygiene, antiseptic showers, cleaning of hospital wards, treatment of medical equipments), the availability of effective antiseptic and disinfectant agents is crucial, especially against microorganisms that may persist in biofilm [ 58 , 59 ]. The effectiveness of triclosan and high MICs for formaldehyde has been demonstrated in other studies for various pathogens [ 60 , 61 ]. The study of Kheljan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility in biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A focus on environmental isolates

Pallós,

Gajdács,

Urbán

et al. 2024

EuJMI

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The clinical role of Acinetobacter baumannii has been highlighted in numerous infectious syndromes with a high mortality rate, due to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. The treatment and eradication of this pathogen is hindered by biofilm-formation, providing protection from noxious environmental factors and antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility, antiseptic susceptibility and biofilm-forming capacity using phenotypic methods in environmental A. baumannii isolates. One hundred and fourteen (n = 114) isolates were collected, originating from various environmental sources and geographical regions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion method, while antiseptic susceptibility was performed using the agar dilution method. Determination of biofilm-forming capacity was carried out using a microtiter-plate based method. Resistance in environmental A. baumannii isolates were highest for ciprofloxacin (64.03%, n = 73), levofloxacin (62.18%, n = 71) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61.40%, n = 70), while lowest for colistin (1.75%, n = 2). Efflux pump overexpression was seen in 48.25% of isolates (n = 55), 49.12% (n = 56) were classified as MDR. 6.14% (n = 7), 9.65% (n = 11), 24.65% (n = 28) and 59.65% (n = 68) of isolates were non-biofilm producers, weak, medium, and strong biofilm producers, respectively. No significant differences were observed between non-MDR vs. MDR isolates regarding their distribution of biofilm-producers (P = 0.655). The MIC ranges for the tested antiseptics were as follows: benzalkonium chloride 16–128 μg mL−1, chlorhexidine digluconate 4–128 μg mL−1, formaldehyde 64–256 μg mL−1 and triclosan 2–16 μg mL−1, respectively. The conscientious use of antiseptics, together with periodic surveillance, is essential to curb the spread of these bacteria, and to maintain current infection prevention capabilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility in biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A focus on environmental isolates

Pallós,

Gajdács,

Urbán

et al. 2024

EuJMI

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“…Additionally, metabolic-related proteins and metabolites can potentially reverse bacterial drug resistance . Genes such as mdtG , emeA , and hlyD are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the multidrug efflux pump system and membrane permeability. Furthermore, o -Phen has been shown to decrease the environmental adaptability and antibiotic resistance of E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of the Antibiofilm Activity of o-Phenanthroline Monohydrate against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and the Mechanisms Underlying These Effects

Wang,

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Infect. Dis.

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Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus exhibit robust biofilm formation capabilities, the formation of which is closely linked to pathogenicity and drug resistance, thereby resulting in host infection and treatment failure. o-Phenanthroline monohydrate (o-Phen) and its derivatives demonstrate a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the antibiofilm activity of o-Phen to E. faecalis and S. aureus and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms for combating biofilm resistance. We demonstrated that o-Phen possesses significant antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against E. faecalis and S. aureus, inducing alterations in bacterial morphology, compromising cell membrane integrity, and exhibiting synergistic effects with β-lactam antibiotics at sub-MIC concentrations. The adhesion ability and automatic condensation capacity of, and synthesis of, extracellular polymers by E. faecalis cells were reduced by o-Phen, resulting in the inhibition of biofilm formation. Importantly, transcriptome analysis revealed 354 upregulated and 456 downregulated genes in o-Phen-treated E. faecalis. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in 11 metabolism-related pathways, including amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the oppA, CeuA, and ZnuB genes involved in the ABC transport system, and the PBP1A penicillin-binding protein-coding genes sarA and mrcA were significantly downregulated. The multidrug efflux pump system and membrane permeability genes mdtG and hlyD, and bacterial adhesion-related genes, including adcA and fss2 were also downregulated, while mraZ and ASP23 were upregulated. Thus, o-Phen is anticipated to be an effective alternative drug for the treatment of E. faecalis and S. aureus biofilm-associated infections.

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“…The probability of linezolid insensitivity in patients with the aforementioned antimicrobial drug resistance, however, may be increased by risk factors such immunocompromised individuals, the administration of numerous antibiotics, a prolonged hospital stay, and ICU admission[ 19 ]. On the other hand, they are increasingly resistant not only to antibiotics but also disinfectants which is complicating infection control recommendations [ 20 , 21 ]. We must also mention that none of the E. faecalis from the 26 medical institutions in this study were tested for daptomycin susceptibility, which limits its use for E. faecalis infections and increases the options for linezolid and resistance to linezolid [ 22 – 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk exploration and prediction model construction for linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis based on big data in a province in southern China

Liu,

Zeng,

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Background Enterococcus faecalis is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Its resistance to linezolid, the antibiotic of last resort for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, has become a growing threat in healthcare settings. Methods We analyzed the data of E. faecalis isolates from 26 medical institutions between 2018 and 2020 and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the independent predictors for linezolid-resistant E. faecalis (LREFs). Then, we used the artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) to build a prediction model for linezolid resistance and performed a performance evaluation and comparison. Results Of 12,089 E. faecalis strains, 755 (6.25%) were resistant to linezolid. Among vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, the linezolid-resistant rate was 24.44%, higher than that of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that gender, age, specimen type, length of stay before culture, season, region, GDP (gross domestic product), number of beds, and hospital level were predictors of linezolid resistance. Both the ANN and LR models constructed in the study performed well in predicting linezolid resistance in E. faecalis, with AUCs of 0.754 and 0.741 in the validation set, respectively. However, synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) did not improve the prediction ability of the models. Conclusion E. faecalis linezolid-resistant rates varied by specimen site, geographic region, GDP level, facility level, and the number of beds. At the same time, community-acquired E. faecalis with linezolid resistance should be monitored closely. We can use the prediction model to guide clinical medication and take timely prevention and control measures.

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Antimicrobial Biocides Susceptibility and Tolerance-Associated Genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates Collected from Human and Environmental Sources

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility in biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A focus on environmental isolates

Characterization of antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility in biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A focus on environmental isolates

Analyses of the Antibiofilm Activity of o-Phenanthroline Monohydrate against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and the Mechanisms Underlying These Effects

Risk exploration and prediction model construction for linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis based on big data in a province in southern China

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