Antimicrobial and Toxicological Studies of Ricinodendron Heudelotii (Baill.)

Abstract

Objective: This work assessed the antimicrobial activity and toxicological consequence of the ethanolic extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill). Methods:The antimicrobial potential of the leaf extract was investigated against 9 different microorganisms using the agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ascertained. Toxicity evaluations were carried out on five groups of seven albino rats each for 28 days. Rats in Group A received normal saline, while those in Groups B, C, D, and E received 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of the extract. After treatment, they were anesthetized, blood samples collected for biochemical assays; organs isolated, weighed, and processed for histopathological studies. Results:The phytochemical screening showed the presence of glycosides, tannins, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids while saponin was absent. Antimicrobial effect was observed against 7 of the 9 microorganisms tested with inhibition zone and MIC ranging from 18 to 36 mm and 31.25 to 62.5 mg/mL, respectively. Liver function tests were significantly (p<0.05) increased, whereas no significant change in total protein and creatinine levels was observed. Histology showed a sinusoidal congestion and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes in groups administered higher doses, and a dose-dependent reduction was observed in some hematological parameters. Conclusion:The results obtained suggest that the R. heudelotii may not induce significant toxic effect below 3600 mg/kg b.w. and could serve as an effective antibiotic.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of fractions and compound from Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.)

“…The qualitative phytochemical screening of the butanol and ethylacetate fractions of R. heudelotii revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids amongst others as reported by Yakubu et al. [8]. This might account for the antiinflammatory potential of these two fractions.…”

“…The bark helps cure malaria, yellow fever, and dysentery and equally has diuretic functions [7]. Recently, we reported the antimicrobial effect of R. heudelotii extract [8] and the cytotoxic effect of isolated compounds from the leaf extract [9]. It was also reported that the leaf extract exhibited regulatory role on the toxicity of artemisinin when co-administered with artemisinin [10].…”

Phytochemical composition, nutritional values, traditional uses of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Ricinodendron heudelotii and their pharmacological activities: an update review

“…Moreover, the study of Oyono et al, (2014) has reported that, crude bark methanolic extract was active on 8 of 12 strains tested, with MIC ranging from 188 to 750 µg/ml and MBC from 375 to 1500 µg/ml, having diameters of inhibition zones from 12 to 19.67 mm. Similarly, the ethanolic leaves extract revealed the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 18 to 36 mm and 31.25 to 62.5 mg/mL, respectively against seven microorganisms: Pseudomonas aureginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli (Gram-negatives), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Streptococcus faecalis (Yakubu et al, 2018). This ethanolic leaf extract as well as the work of Oyono et al, (2014) on the methanolic bark extract showed no inhibition against following microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Salmonella sp.…”

“…It is known that plants containing phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tanins possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Yakubu et al, 2018).…”

Antihypertensive Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre (Euphorbiaceae) in Wistar Rat

“…belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, whose species possess an array of medicinal effects. In traditional medicine, Ricinodendron heudelotii is used in the treatment of anemia, stomachache, cough, fever, dysentery, malaria, infertility, and antidiuretic [ 10 – 12 ]. In West Cameroon, the folk medical practice considers the stem bark of R. heudelotii as a useful remedy against cardiovascular diseases.…”