Antimicrobial and Light‐Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities, Cytotoxicity and Chemical Variability of All Tunisian Eryngium Species

Abstract

This study was performed on all Eryngium species growing in Tunisia in order to evaluate their intra and interspecies variabilities and to investigate their biological activities. These species are used in traditional medicine, and literature about the phytochemical investigations of most of them is scarce. Antimicrobial and light-enhanced activities were tested against multiresistant microorganisms and extended spectrum betalactamase producing bacteria (ESBL). All studied species showed antimicrobial effect with several MIC values lower than 70 μg/ml. Tested Eryngium species have proven to be a promising source of photoactive compounds, while light-enhanced activity offers an alternative for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms which is currently subjected to a great interest. This is the first report of this activity in genus Eryngium. A significant improvement of antimicrobial activity with UV irradiation was observed, mainly for E. dichotomum, E. ilicifolium and E. triquetrum. Cytotoxicity, studied for the first time for the most species, was evaluated against cancer (J774) and non-cancer (WI38) human cell lines. Chemical composition of volatile compounds presented in the most active crude extracts (petroleum ether extracts) of the aerial parts was investigated using GC/MS analysis and was submitted to statistical analyses. It revealed their high content of bioactive phytochemicals, particularly oxygenated sesquiterpenes like spathulenol, ledol and α-bisabolol but also hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes such as β-bisabolene and copaene, as well as polyacetylene derivatives such as falcarinol. Statistical analyses permitted to evaluate the interrelations between all Tunisian Eryngium species. Figure 3. Principal component analysis of Tunisian Eryngium species.

Exploring the Biological and Phytochemical Potential of Jordan’s Flora: A Review and Update of Eight Selected Genera from Mediterranean Region

“…The different extracts from the four parts of E. creticum reduced the viability of the HeLa cell line [ 86 , 87 ]. The E. glomeratum extract has shown cytotoxicity against J774 cell lines, with a positive control of camptothecin having an IC 50 value of 0.011 μg/mL [ 88 ], while E. maritimum exerted cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 and Hep2 cell lines [ 89 ].…”

“…Overall, E. maritimum essential oil is a rich source of varied chemical components, each of which has a distinct composition in different plant parts. As a result, it has promising potential for use in a variety of applications including as an antioxidant [ 44 ] and antimicrobial [ 88 ]. The essential oil composition varies within and between plant species, depending on the plant part.…”

Molluscicidal and parasiticidal activities of Eryngium triquetrum essential oil on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host Biomphalaria glabrata, a double impact

“…As E. triquetrum from Algeria is a falcarinol-rich essential oil, especially from stems, exploitation at large farming scale could be proposed for molluscicidal but also therapeutic application. Indeed, falcarinol and/or essential oil from E. triquetrum display antimicrobial effect as well as anti-inflammatory properties [ 23 , 59 ]. Also, falcarinol could be used in tumor treatment since cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines has been demonstrated [ 59 , 62 ].…”

Phytochemical, GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activities of leaf methanolic extract of Lai (Durio kutejensis), the endemic plant of Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Chadwick et al (2013) reported that sesquiterpenoids play an important role in human health due to their potential for treating cardiovascular disease and cancer. Ledol is a toxic sesquiterpene compound that can cause paralysis and exhibits herbicide (Vardeguer et al 2012) and antimicrobial activities (Landoulsi et al 2020). Eugenol is a hydroxyphenyl propene, naturally occurring in the essential oils of several plants belonging to the Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Myristicaceae families.…”