Antimicrobial and In-vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy of Betulinic Acid from the Callus, Regeneration, and Mother Plant of Dillenia indica L.

Abstract

I N THIS STUDY, we established of an application protocol for the micropropagation of Dillenia indica with an estimate of betulinic acid from callus, leaf, and regeneration plant. Moreover, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic efficacy of the crude extract and pure compound was compared. The highest number of shoots (3.667 shoots), leaf number per jar (27 leaves) and shoot length (3.667cm) were recorded from the MS medium containing 2.0mg L -1 of benzyl amino purine (BAP). Moreover, different physical elicitors (ultraviolet irradiation, microwave radiation, and light quality) were used on the production and increased the concentration of betulinic acid in callus of D. indica. The data revealed that the highest betulinic acid content (341.775mg/ 100g fresh weight) was recorded in callus microwaved with 200 watts for 10s. Which was three times more than the betulinic acid content recorded in the mother plant. In addition, different crude extracts of D. indica were used to determine their biological activity against six microorganisms. The data showed that the highest diameter of inhibition zones (17.0 mm) was recorded in callus culture extractions incubated under blue light with Candida albicans. The cytotoxic efficacy of betulinic acid and extract of callus, mother plant leaf or in vitro regeneration plants of D. indica were investigated against the Vero cell line by MTT. The results revealed that The IC 50 values were 115.7 ± 9.17, 114.98 ± 5.2, 59.45 ± 3.06, and 72.76 ± 6.93μgmL -1 of betulinic acid, callus extract, leaf, and regeneration plant, respectively.

Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors Induce Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Some Withanolide Compounds in the Callus Culture of Withania somnifera L.

“…In vitro cultures are useful methods to produce secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical purposes, agricultural and industrial applications due to their controlled environment, elimination of environmental variability, increased productivity, rapid production, constant supply and genetic and biochemical modification (Ochoa-Villarreal et al, 2016;Lashin et al, 2022).…”

Natural Products-Based Metallic Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents

“…acts as a competitive inhibitor Mep A efflux pump and potentiates ciprofloxacin's action against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Xavier 2020). Betulinic acid was reported to have string inhibition against Candida albicans (Lashin et al, 2021). Nimbolide from Azadiracta indica A. Juss possesses significant bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori by killing free living bacteria and cells within biofilm (Wylie et al, 2022).…”

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf

“…In previous studies, many researchers have used several samples of medicinal plants by conducting phytochemical screening and testing their antioxidant activity using different solvents. Study using Dillenia indica samples with positive phytochemical test results containing alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids, as well as saponins (Shipra et al 2018;Bordoloi et al 2019;Prananda et al 2019;Nkop et al 2020), antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and sedative activity (Akter et al 2021;Lashin et al 2022), the fruit powder potential antidiabetic (Kamboj et al 2019), also make them pharmaceutically useful (Bose et al 2010;Kumar et al 2018). Dillenia suffruticosa ethyl acetate extract showed that the positive sample contained secondary metabolites of tannins, polyphenols, and triterpenoids (Putra et al 2018;Rahayu et al 2019;Yacop et al 2020;Syafriana et al 2021).…”