Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Selected Chemokine and Antimicrobial Peptide on Cytokine Profile during Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Mouse

Abstract

The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capacities of the peptide Css54 and the chemokine MCP-1 were tested. The first, a peptide isolated from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides suffusus suffusus was synthesized chemically. In contrast, the second is a monocyte chemoattractant expressed as a recombinant protein in our lab. It was observed in vitro that Css54 inhibited the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (6.2 µg/mL). At high concentrations, it was toxic to macrophages (25 µg/mL), activated macrophage phagocytosis (1.5 µg/mL), and bound Salmonella LPS (3 µg/mL). On the other hand, the recombinant MCP-1 neither inhibited the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium nor was it toxic to macrophages (up to 25 µg/mL), nor activated macrophage phagocytosis or bound Salmonella LPS (up to 3 µg/mL). Although it was observed in vivo in mice Balb/C that both Css54 and MCP-1 did not resolve the intraperitoneal infection by S. Typhimurium, Css54 decreased the expression of IL-6 and increased IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α levels; meanwhile, MCP-1 decreased the expression of IFN-γ and increased IL-12p70 and TNF-α. It was also observed that the combination of both molecules Css54 and MCP-1 increased the expression of IL-10 and TNF-α.

Battling Salmonella enteritidis infections: integrating proteomics and in vivo assessment of Galla Chinensis tannic acid

“…In this study, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels dropped significantly in infected mice following GCTA treatment. Although there was no significant change in IL-10, it showed an upward trend after infection which was reduced by GCTA, consistent with previous results [ 46 ]. These findings suggest that GCTA modulates the inflammatory response and may create an anti-inflammatory environment, which could be further supported by further study.…”

Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections

“…Two AMPs (IK12 and TS10) were compared for their efficacy against S. enterica in fish, and the results demonstrated that AMP (IK12) exhibited a significant inhibition zone (20 ± 1 mm) against S. enterica at a concentration of 625 µg/mL, while concentrations of 1000 µg/mL and 2500 µg/mL decreased the Salmonella load up to 6 log [326]. In addition to this, the treatment of S. Typhimurium-challenged mice with AMP (Css54) demonstrated that Css54 can inhibit S. Typhimurium growth at a concentration of 6.25 µg/mL, while complete bactericidal activity can be obtained at a concentration of 25 µg/mL [327]. Similarly, supplementing S. Enteritidis-challenged female laying chicks with two different doses of AMP (Ctx(Ile 21 )-Ha) at the rate of 20-40 mg/kg feed for 28 days revealed a reduced mortality rate in young chickens by 69%; however, no difference in the mortality rate was observed even after increasing the Ctx(Ile 21 )-Ha dose concentration [328].…”

Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism

“…Cytokines are proteins of ≈80 kDa (≈2.8 nm) and are typically positively charged. [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] As the size of the MOF-808 pore (1.8 nm) would hinder cytokine adsorption, we investigated the surface charge of the MOF-808 crystals. The surface charge was measured by the zeta potential after dispersing MOF-808 crystals in PBS under different pH conditions.…”