Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium Strains: A Review

Abstract

Bifidobacterium strains can provide several health benefits, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Some strains inhibit growth or cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, and their antibacterial activity can be intensified when combined with certain antibiotics. In addition, some strains of bifidobacteria reduce viral infectivity, leading to less epithelial damage of intestinal tissue, lowering the virus shedding titer, and controlling the release of antiviral substances. Furthermore, bifidobacteria can modulate the immune system by increasing immunoglobulins, and inducing or reducing pro- or antiinflammatory cytokines, respectively. In particular, these anti-inflammatory effects are helpful in the treatment of patients who are already suffering from infection or inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the antimicrobial effects and mechanisms, and immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium strains, suggesting the potential of bifidobacteria as an alternative or complementary treatment option.

The Role of the PFNA Operon of Bifidobacteria in the Recognition of Host’s Immune Signals: Prospects for the Use of the FN3 Protein in the Treatment of COVID-19

“…A number of B. pseudocatenulatum strains have been shown to suppress TNF-α and IL-6 production while stimulating IL-10 production [46]. Overall, these results corroborate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium strains as potential solutions for infectious and inflammatory diseases [37].…”

“…Such strains could become effective drugs against inflammatory diseases exemplified by colitis and LPSrelated conditions. In the case of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae infections, bifidobacteria are capable of immune system modulation via induction or suppression of both pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines [37]. A number of B. pseudocatenulatum strains have been shown to suppress TNF-α and IL-6 production while stimulating IL-10 production [46].…”

“…Monoclonal antibodies-based treatments against pro-inflammatory cytokines are known for their infamous side effects [123]. Bifidobacteria, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, might be a better substitute [36][37][38]. Pharmacological components of bifidobacteria named postbiotics, which the FN3 protein, are another exciting area of research fueling antiviral drug development.…”

“…The immunomodulatory properties of bifidobacteria are already being used in the complex therapy of various diseases, including cancer [33], lung disease [34], and gastrointestinal diseases [35]. In recent years, a few reviews have scrutinized the role of bifidobacteria and probiotics containing them in modulating the host's immune system [36][37][38]. This review discusses the bifidobacterial genes and their products involved in immune regulation in humans with a focus on the recently discovered PFNA operon.…”

Characteristic of a GH10 Xylanase From The Anaerobic Rumen Fungus Anaeromyces Robustus and Application in Bread Making

“…The bubble walls can expand like a small balloon without tearing until the bread is deformed. When carbon dioxide exerts more pressure than the fermenting dough can withstand, the gluten structure weakens, releasing gas and deflating the over-fermented dough, hence the characteristics of a high quality dough that produces a large volume [46], with uniformly fine pores and fluffy.…”