Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are those that grow intra-or intercellular within the tissues of higher plants without causing a disease. This study aims to evaluated antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi from leaf, bark and root of mangrove Sonneratia alba Sm, collected from Bungus, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolation of endophytic fungi was done by using direct planting method with sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) as growth medium. Thirteen isolates fungi strains were obtained from this mangrove. They were cultivated on unpolished rice as medium for ± 4 weeks, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities by using agar diffusion method and MTT assay on T47D and Vero cells. The study revealed nine (69%) of the total extract had antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungal such as, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. While nine extracts (69%) were cytotoxic (Percentage of cell viability < 50) against T47D cells. Based on the results of antibacterial activity screening, three fungal isolates were selected as the most active against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. This selected fungal isolates were first macroscopically and microscopically characterized and later molecularly identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis, Aspergillus sydowii and Trichoderma lixii respectively. This study concluded that the endophytic fungi of Sonneratia alba Sm can be developed as a new source of antibiotic and anticancer compounds.

Diversity and bioactive profile of endophytic mycoflora in mangroves

“…It was the most predominant endophytic fungi obtained from C. tagal in our study. Prior studies showed that this species is commonly isolated as an endophyte from both terrestrial and marine hosts (Teuscher, 2006;Bhattacharya, 2018;Handayani, 2018;.…”

“…Secalonic acid derivative from endophytic A. aculeatus induced apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells by reactive oxygen species formation (Farooq, 2020). A. sydowiii from both marine and terrestrial hosts possessed antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity (Handayani, 2018;Bhattacharya, 2018;El-sayed, 2022). The fungal genus Aspergillus from different mangrove hosts is well known as a potential source of various bioactive molecules having antibacterial property (Handayani, 2017;Nurunnabi, 2020;Ramirez, 2020).…”

REVIEW : KARAKTERISASI DAN PEMANFAATAN BAKTERI ENDOFIT YANG BERASAL DARI FAMILIA Zingiberaceae DI BIDANG FARMASI

“…Adanya perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri bisa dikarenakan adanya perbedaan sensitivitas pada bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif yang berhubungan pada ketebalan peptidoglikan yang menjadi penyusun dinding sel bakteri (Handayani et al, 2018). Bakteri gram positif memiliki membrane sel yang mengandung asam teikoat dan petidoglikan yang tebal tapi tidak memiliki membrane luar, sementara pada bakteri gram negatif membrane luar terdapat liposakarida (LPS) yang menyebabkan bakteri lebih resisten pada antibiotik (Subandi, 2012& Panawala, 2017dalam Wulansari et al, 2020.…”

Optimization of Antibacterial Metabolite Production and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolate from Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris)

“…Various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and phenolic derivatives have potential as mycotoxins, enzymes and antibiotics (Handayani et al, 2018;Pandy et al, 2023). In addition, bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi also show strong antiparasitic and antioxidant activity (Praptiwi et al, 2018;Preuttiporn & Sita, 2019).…”