Antimicrobial and Biocompatible Polycaprolactone and Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Wound Dressings against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

One of the major health problems linked to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which are associated with hospital-acquired infections, lower limb amputations and emerging resistance to the current antibiotics. As an alternative, this work aims to develop a biodegradable and biocompatible material with antimicrobial capacity to prevent DFU. This was achieved by producing active polymeric films with metallic nanoparticles dispersed through a polycaprolactone (PCL) dressing. First, the antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) was tested by the microdilution method, selecting the lowest concentration that has an inhibitory effect on MRSA. Then, active PCL films were prepared and characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial performance, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and hemocompatibility. Active films had chemical and thermal properties like the ones without the antimicrobial agents, which was confirmed through FTIR, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. In relation to antimicrobial activity, active PCL films inhibited MRSA growth when treated with CuONPs at a concentration of 0.07% (w/w). After exposure to the active film extracts, human foreskin fibroblast cells (ATCC® SCRC1041™) (HFF-1) exhibited a cell viability average above 80% for all treatments and no DNA damage was found. Finally, PCL films with 0.07% (w/w) CuONPs proved to be hemocompatible, and none of the films evaluated had red blood cell breakage greater than 5%, being within the acceptable limits established by the International Organization for Standardization ISO 10993-4:2002.

The Antimicrobial, Antioxidative, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Scaffolds Containing Chrysin for Regenerative Endodontic Purposes

“…Figure 4(a) depicts E. faecalis , S. aureus , and P. aeruginosa bacterial survivability on PCL/Gel and PCL/Gel/Chrysin, with green representing living bacteria and red indicating dead bacteria. According to Figure 4(b) , the bacteria on the PCL were nearly entirely alive, showing that the PCL and gelatin in the scaffold lacked antibacterial characteristics consistent with prior studies [ 46 – 49 ]. In comparison, bacteria on PCL/Gel/Chrysin had a very poor bacterial population survival rate of less than 16% in all categories.…”

The Composites of PCL and Tetranuclear Titanium(IV)-oxo Complexes as Materials Exhibiting the Photocatalytic and the Antimicrobial Activity

“…The analysis of the previous reports shows the growing interest in modifying PCL films/coatings to obtain biodegradable materials, which can be antimicrobial agent release carriers, e.g., antimicrobial peptides [39] or antibiotics [37]. Moreover, work is underway on composite materials with appropriate antimicrobial activity, which are obtained by introducing an inorganic agent, such as ZnO and CuO, into the PCL matrix [40]. The use of the PCL/TiO 2 system is especially interesting in the production of composite fibers using the electrospinning method [41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Surface engineering of biodegradable implants: emerging trends in bioactive ceramic coatings and mechanical treatments

“…Further, they also observed that the cell morphology of candida was disrupted in a dosedependent manner on the infused mat 98 . The toxicity of copper ions released from nanoparticles on mammalian cells along with bacterial cells was first reported by Balcucho et al 99 . They They observed that coating remarkably improved the antibacterial potential of the scaffold 100 .…”