Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Photodynamic Action of Photosensitizing Nanoassemblies Based on Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin

Abstract

Developing new broad-spectrum antimicrobial strategies, as alternatives to antibiotics and being able to efficiently inactivate pathogens without inducing resistance, is one of the main objectives in public health. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), based on the light-induced production of reactive oxygen species from photosensitizers (PS), is attracting growing interest in the context of infection treatment, also including biofilm destruction. Due to the limited photostability of free PS, delivery systems are increasingly needed in order to decrease PS photodegradation, thus improving the therapeutic efficacy, as well as to reduce collateral effects on unaffected tissues. In this study, we propose a photosensitizing nanosystem based on the cationic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl- 4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (TMPyP), complexed with the commerical sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (CAPTISOL®), at a 1:50 molar ratio (CAPTISOL®/TMPyP)50_1. Nanoassemblies based on (CAPTISOL®/TMPyP)50_1 with photodynamic features exhibited photo-antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, results from P. aeruginosa reveal that CAPTISOL® alone inhibits pyocyanin (PYO) production, also affecting bacterial biofilm formation. Finally, we obtained a synergistic effect of inhibition and destruction of P. aeruginosa biofilm by using the combination of CAPTISOL® and TMPyP.

Macrocycle-Based Antibacterial Materials

“…The calix [4]arene derivatives bearing sulfonate, carboxylate, and phosphonate anionic moieties displayed no antibacterial activity, 63,64 but their assemblies may aid antibacterial application upon interaction with antiseptic agents. Recently, an amphiphilic p-sulfonatocalix [4]arene derivative was used to fabricate micelles for loading povidone iodine (PVPI), a broadspectrum antiseptic.…”

Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches

“…It is known that a combination of oxazolidinone derivatives compound with β-lactam antibiotics (meropenem trihydrate) can reduce P. aeruginosa BFs by inhibiting the virulence factors such as elastase, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, and protease and bacterial motility [154]. Anti-QS strategies often involve the use of such water-soluble cyclic oligosaccharides to enhance or synergistically act against BFs and other virulence factors [155][156][157].…”

Decreased Penetration Mechanism of Ranitidine Due to Application of Sodium Sulfobutyl Ether-β-Cyclodextrin

“…Co-solvents could provide a way to address the issue of insoluble drugs, but they also lead to change in permeability [12]. SBE-β-CD [13][14][15][16][17][18], a new pharmaceutical excipient often used as a co-solvent, has been included in USP44-NF39 under the name Betadex Sulfobutyl Ether Sodium, and is currently available as Captisol ® [19,20] and Dexolve ® [21]. It is widely used in biologics and insoluble drugs [22][23][24].…”