Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of ε-Polylysine against Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in Tryptic Soy Broth and Chicken Juice

The survival of Salmonella enteritidis in the food chain is relevant to its biofilm formation capacity, which is influenced by suboptimal environmental conditions. Here, biofilm formation pattern of this bacterium was assessed in the presence of ethanol at sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) by microtiter plate assays, cell characteristic analyses, and gene expression tests. It was observed that ethanol at subinhibitory concentrations (1/4 MIC, 2.5%; 1/2 MIC, 5.0%) was able to stimulate biofilm formation in S. enteritidis. The OD595 value (optical density at 595 nm) used to quantify biofilm production was increased from 0.14 in control groups to 0.36 and 0.63 under 2.5% and 5.0% ethanol stresses, respectively. Ethanol was also shown to reduce bacterial swimming motility and enhance cell auto-aggregation ability. However, other cell characteristics such as swarming activity, initial attachment and cell surface hydrophobicity were not remarkedly impacted by ethanol. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis further revealed that the luxS gene belonging to a quorum-sensing system was upregulated by 2.49- and 10.08-fold in the presence of 2.5% and 5.0% ethanol, respectively. The relative expression level of other biofilm-related genes (adrA, csgB, csgD, and sdiA) and sRNAs (ArcZ, CsrB, OxyS, and SroC) did not obviously change. Taken together, these findings suggest that decrease in swimming motility and increase in cell auto-aggregation and quorum sensing may result in the enhancement of biofilm formation by S. enteritidis under sublethal ethanol stress.

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“…The cell auto-aggregation property was estimated as previously detailed by Lee et al [ 27 ] with slight modifications. S .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol at Subinhibitory Concentrations Enhances Biofilm Formation in Salmonella Enteritidis

Zhan

Shi

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Furthermore, both ε-PL and photothermal treatment were reported to affect and destroy the formation and integrity of the bacterial biofilm. 51,52 Our previous work demonstrated a synergistic antibacterial effect by combining ε-PL with NIR photothermal therapy. 33 Briefly, the release of ε-PL in the PCL@PDA-ε-PL nanofiber membrane reached more than 97% in the first 12 h under the irradiation of a 0.55 W/cm 2 NIR laser.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Change Material-Embedded Multifunctional Janus Nanofiber Dressing with Directional Moisture Transport, Controlled Release of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Synergistic Antibacterial Properties

Liu,

Huang,

Liang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Wound healing is a systematic and complex process that involves various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting different stages of wound repair. Therefore, multifunctional wound dressings that can modulate these factors to promote wound healing are in high demand. In this work, a multifunctional Janus electrospinning nanofiber dressing with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, controlled release of drugs, and unidirectional water transport was prepared by depositing coaxial nanofibers on a hydrophilic poly(ε-caprolactone)@polydopamine-ε-polyl-lysine (PCL@PDA-ε-PL) nanofiber membrane. The coaxial nanofiber was loaded with the phase change material lauric acid (LA) in the shell layer and anti-inflammatory ibuprofen (IBU) in the core layer. Among them, LA with a melting point of 43 °C served as a phase change material to control the release of IBU. The phase transition of LA was induced by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation that triggered the photothermal properties of PDA. Moreover, the Janus nanofiber dressing exhibited synergistic antimicrobial properties for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the photothermal properties of PDA and antibacterial ε-PL. The prepared Janus nanofiber dressing also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity and biocompatibility. In addition, the Janus nanofiber dressing had asymmetric wettability that enabled directional water transport, thereby draining excessive wound exudate. The water vapor transmission test indicated that the Janus nanofiber dressing had good air permeability. Finally, skin wound healing evaluation in rats confirmed its efficacy in promoting wound healing. Therefore, this strategy of designing and manufacturing a multifunctional Janus nanofiber dressing had great potential in wound healing applications.

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“…The possible mechanism of action of Ɛ‐PL includes the interaction of the cationic polypeptide with a negatively charged cell surface by ionic adsorption and the subsequent interference of Ɛ‐PL with the cell membrane in a reaction that has been proposed to include stripping of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer that leads to permeabilization of the outer membrane and disrupt its structure, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death (Hyldgaard et al, 2014; Shima et al, 1984; Vaara, 1992). Additionally, Ɛ‐PL had been shown to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, which can help the development of persistent infections (Lee et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epsilon poly‐lysine in buffalo semen extender: A step towards reducing the development of antibiotic resistance

Yadav,

Dutt,

Bansal

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The use of antibiotics in semen extenders can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate epsilon‐polylysine (Ɛ‐PL) as a substitute for antibiotics in the buffalo semen extender. For this, 20 semen ejaculates were collected from four Murrah buffalo bulls. Each ejaculate was divided into three equal aliquots and extended into an egg yolk‐based semen extender containing either antibiotics (strepto‐penicillin) or different concentrations of Ɛ‐PL (0.64 and 1.28 g/L) to make the final concentration 80 million sperm/mL and cryopreserved as per the standard procedure. The antibiogram sensitivity test confirmed that Ɛ‐PL is an effective antimicrobial against microbes present in buffalo semen ejaculates. Furthermore, the addition of Ɛ‐PL in the semen extender significantly reduces the colony forming unit (CFU)/mL in cryopreserved semen equivalent to strepto‐penicillin. The sperm motility and kinematic parameters assessed by a computer‐assisted sperm analyser showed that Ɛ‐PL did not inhibit either sperm motility not kinematic parameters of cryopreserved sperm. The flow‐cytometric evaluation of frozen–thawed sperm revealed interesting results. The extender supplemented with Ɛ‐PL protected sperm acrosome and mitochondrial membrane potential greater than the extender supplemented with strepto‐penicillin. Further, Ɛ‐PL reduced significantly the production of superoxide anions from mitochondria during the cryopreservation process. In this way, Ɛ‐PL may be a suitable alternative to antibiotics in semen extenders. In conclusion, Ɛ‐PL at a concentration of 0.64 g/L acts as an effective antimicrobial as well as antioxidant in semen extender for cryopreservation of buffalo sperm.

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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of ε-Polylysine against Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in Tryptic Soy Broth and Chicken Juice

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Ethanol at Subinhibitory Concentrations Enhances Biofilm Formation in Salmonella Enteritidis

Ethanol at Subinhibitory Concentrations Enhances Biofilm Formation in Salmonella Enteritidis

Phase Change Material-Embedded Multifunctional Janus Nanofiber Dressing with Directional Moisture Transport, Controlled Release of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Synergistic Antibacterial Properties

Epsilon poly‐lysine in buffalo semen extender: A step towards reducing the development of antibiotic resistance

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