Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae against Dental Plaque Bacteria

Abstract

Dental plaque biofilms cause various dental diseases; therefore, inhibiting the growths of the dental plaque bacteria which produce biofilms can be a strategy for preventing dental disease. Certain sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae exert antimicrobial activities against human bacterial pathogens in addition to their physiological benefits. On the basis of these observations, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of sulfated polysaccharides from different marine algae were evaluated against dental plaque bacteria. Among the sulfated polysaccharides, a fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus showed notable antimicrobial activities against the selected dental plaque bacteria, including some foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were of 125 to 1000 µg mL−1. Regarding the antibiofilm activity, the fucoidan at the concentrations of above 250 µg mL−1 completely suppressed the biofilm formations and planktonic cell growths of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus. However, no eliminative effect on the completed biofilm was observed. The fucoidan consisted of almost fucose base polysaccharide containing approximately 14.0% sulfate content. The average molecular weight of the fucoidan was changed by heat treatment (121 °C for 15 min) and it affected the antimicrobial activity.

Comparison of Efficacy of Cannabinoids versus Commercial Oral Care Products in Reducing Bacterial Content from Dental Plaque: A Preliminary Observation

“…Arrays of antimicrobial agents are available in the market, such as chlorhexidine digluconate, which is the golden standard for an antimicrobial agent and others such as Colgate and Oral B. Along with the commercially available agents for reducing bacterial content of dental plaque, several natural herbal extracts, such as pomegranate, algae, triphala, tulsipatra, neem, aloe vera, and cinnamon, have been reported to be effective against dental plaque bacteria [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Similarly, cannabinoids extracted from cannabis has been reported to have potential antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species [10][11][12].…”

Evaluating the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from green algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtii

“…). Fucoidan a SP from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus showed complete suppression of biofilm and planktonic mode of growth of S. mutans and S. sobrinus (Jun et al ). Similarly, polysaccharides from Laurus nobilis Bay Laurel inhibited the biofilm mode of growth in bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively (Chmit et al .…”

“…Earlier reports also showed potential of SPs such as fucoidan, ulvan and carrageenans as antimicrobial agents against many bacterial pathogens in humans (Pierre et al ; Lee et al ). Antibiofilm screening of fucoidan F85 against dental plaque bacteria showed complete suppression in both biofilm and planktonic mode of growth in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus (Jun et al ). Until date, the antimicrobial properties of marine algae and its compounds were observed only in vitro or in mouse models.…”

Effects of Increasing Doses of Lactobacillus Pre-Fermented Rapeseed Product with or without Inclusion of Macroalgae Product on Weaner Piglet Performance and Intestinal Development

“…Nevertheless, brown macroalgae are currently viewed as another promising dietary strategy to improve growth performance and gut health in weaned piglets due to their wide range of bioactive components [15]. The bioactive carbohydrate components from brown macroalgae, such as laminarin and fucoidan, are unique in that they are not found in terrestrial plants and possess antimicrobial [16,17], immunomodulatory [18] and antioxidant [19] properties. Inclusion of these purified extracts in weaner piglets' diets also improved overall growth performance [20,21], but are relatively expensive compared to the whole plant due to the cost of extraction.…”