Antimicrobial and Anti-Adherent in vitro Activity of Tannins Isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Cashew) on Dental Biolfilm Bacteria

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and ant-adherent in vitro activity of tannins isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Cashew) on dental biofilm bacteria. Material and Methods: Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 15300, Streptococcus oralis ATCC 10557, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 7073 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 9595 samples were used in this study. The tests were performed by the solid medium dilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) of bacteria to glass was determined in the presence of 5% sucrose. As a positive control, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was used. The substances were tested at concentrations of 1:1 (pure solution) up to 1:512. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the SPSS software, version 15.0. Results: Tannins isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew) formed inhibition halos ranging from 11 to 17 mm in diameter and were capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria tested at concentrations of 1:4 (S mutans), 1:16 (S mitis), 1:8 (S sanguis), 1:4 (S oralis), 1:8 (S salivarius) and 1:2 (L casei). The tannin solution was effective in inhibiting the adherence of microorganisms to glass, and its effect on Streptococcus sanguis (1:512) and Lactobacillus casei (1:512) stood out, showing ant-adherent effect at all concentrations tested. Conclusion: Tannin isolates produced in vitro antimicrobial and ant-adherent activity on dental biofilm-forming bacteria and can be considered as an alternative treatment in infectious processes in clinical dentistry.

Effects of associations of tannins from Anacardium occidentale and Anadenanthera colubrina with cephalosporin against bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates

“…SCALBERT (1991) states that this interaction interferes directly in transport as well, the availability of essential ions and nutrients to maintain the microbial metabolism. MENEZES et al (2014) and PEREIRA et al (2015) investigated the antimicrobial activity of tannins isolated from the stem bark of A. luxembourg against dental biofilm formations of S. aureus, S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus casei, which all showed promise with MICs that ranged from 0.062 mg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL (MENEZES et al, 2014;PEREIRA et al, 2015). Tannins of other native species from Brazil's caatinga biome (exclusively) were tested against S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, and presented excellent antimicrobial activities (GONÇALVES et al, 2015;HIGINO et al, 2015;PEREIRA et al, 2015).…”

“…Currently, there is a growing number of publications concerning the use of medicinal plants and their metabolites in in vitro experimental models against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MANSOURI, 1999;HEYMAN et al, 2009;MENEZES et al, 2014;PEREIRA et al, 2015;CAVALCANTI-DANTAS et al, 2016). However, more systematized information is needed concerning possible clinical and pathological aspects resulting from such associations of conventional medicines with tannins.…”

“…They can minimize side effects and are more affordable. Among the tannins, there is a pool of components, and their synergisms are often preponderant (ALMEIDA et al, 2012;MENEZES et al, 2014;HIGINO et al, 2015;PEREIRA et al, 2015;CAVALCANTI-DANTAS et al, 2016).…”

“…(Cashew) may be good therapeutic candidates. They can be used alone (MENEZES et al, 2014;GONÇALVES et al, 2015;HIGINO et al, 2015;PEREIRA et al, 2015), or as mentioned above, in association with antibiotics. However, studies focusing on their solitary (or associated) biological activities have not been found in the literature.…”

“…A qualitative method was used, which allowed classifying the bacterial samples as susceptible or resistant to the association used (CLSI, 2010). Strains were considered sensitive when presenting halos greater than 10 mm, according to the preliminary studies (PEREIRA et al, 2015;MENEZES et al, 2014;CAVALCANTI-DANTAS et al, 2016).…”