Antimicrobial agents and microbial ecology

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Antimicrobials are therapeutic substances used to prevent or treat infections. Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents applied to non-living surfaces. Every year, several thousand tonnes of antimicrobials and their by-products are released into the environment and in particular into the aquatic environment. This type of xenobiotic has ecological consequences in the natural environment but also in technological environments such as wastewater treatment plants and methane fermentation sewage sludge treatment plants. The constant exposure of microbial communities not only to high concentrations but also to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics is a key element in the development of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments and in soils. The future of antimicrobials lies in the development of biosourced or bioinspired molecules. The observation and deciphering of interactions between living organisms is the key to this development.</p> </abstract>

Antibacterial potential of marine organisms and coastal plants in combating antibacterial resistance: A review

“…Antimicrobials refer to a class of medications from natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic origin with the same goal of lowering the risk of infection and sepsis from microorganisms (Nankervis et al, 2016). It includes preventing and treating infections from viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and parasites (Di Martino, 2022). As shown in Figure 1, penicillin introduced by Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming in 1928, was the first antibacterial of natural origin to be used in a therapeutic environment.…”

On Antimicrobial Polymers: Development, Mechanism of Action, International Testing Procedures, and Applications

“…Soluble and nonsoluble antimicrobial agents Soluble antimicrobial agents, such as antiseptics, antiparasitics, and antibiotics, dissolve in water [173]. Costs differ based on type, concentration, and quantity but are generally affordable.…”

Correlation between Perturbation of Redox Homeostasis and Antibiofilm Capacity of Phytochemicals at Non-Lethal Concentrations

“…Antimicrobial agents are the traditional approach to combat biofilms that cause deterioration or diseases or that compromise functional performance within an industrial setting. However, biofilms can develop resistance to antimicrobials, meaning that a substance is no longer effective in targeting the detrimental biological agents [ 7 , 8 ]. For instance, some Listeria monocytogenes strains are now increasingly resistant due to the excessive use of antimicrobial agents in animal and food production and human medicine [ 9 ].…”