Antimicrobial activity of various parts of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula: isolation of active principles from the leaves and the berries

Abstract

Methanol extracts of leaves, stem, twigs, green berries, flowers, roots, root-wood and root-bark of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula, were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal potentials. Bioassay monitored isolation work on the methanol extract of leaves and berries which possess promising antibacterial activity led to the isolation of seven clerodane diterpenoids, 16(R and S)-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (1), 16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)E-dien-15-oic acid (2), methyl-16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)E-dien-15-oate (3), 2-oxo-kolavenic acid (4), 16 (R and S)-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide-2-one (5), (4-->2)-abeo-16(R and S)-hydroxy-cleroda-2,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide-3-al (6), 3beta,16alpha-dihydroxy-cleroda-4(18), 13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (7), while kolavenic acid (8) and solidagonal acid (9) were obtained from the root-wood. Diterpenoids 1 and 8 were also obtained from the root-bark. It is the first report of the isolation of 7 and 9 from this source, and clerodane 3 was obtained as a natural product for the first time. Clerodanes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 were found to be active antimicrobial agents with MIC values ranging between 7.8 and 500 microg/mL. Diterpenoid 1 emerged as the most active antimicrobial agent. The acetyl derivative (10) of 1 and the methyl derivative (3) of 2 were found to be less active than the parent compounds. A complex of allantoin was also obtained from the berries, which on hydrolysis furnished pure allantoin (11).

Antifungal activity of Leaf and Pericarp of <i>Polyalthia longifolia</i> Against Pathogens Causing Rhizome Rot of Ginger

“…Azafluorene alkaloids are also present in the bark and leaves (Khare, 2007). The plant is shown possessing antimicrobial (Faizi et al, 2008), antioxidant (Manjula et al, 2010), antitumor (Manjula et al, 2010), antiulcer (Malairajan et al, 2008), antileishmanial (Pal et al, 2011), hypotensive (Saleem et al, 2005), anti-hyperglycemic (Ghosh et al, 2010) …”

The chemistry, pharmacologic, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia longifolia

“…[9] Pharmacologic studies on the bark and leaves of this plant display effective antimicrobial activity,[10–12] cytotoxic function,[1314] and hypotensive effects. [15] The aim of the present review is to highlight the traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacologic investigations carried out on the plant, and to explain the multifaceted role of this medicinal plant.…”

“…The acetyl derivative of 16(R and S)-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14) Z-dien-15,16-olide and the methyl derivative of 16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)E-dien-15-oic acid were found to be less active than the parent compounds. [10]…”

Modulation of Gene Expression by Polyalthia longifolia in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease: An In Vitro Study

“…Besides other 23 known compounds and phytosteroids, different clerodane diterpenoids isolated from the bark of P. longifolia var. pendula showed significant cytotoxicity toward Hep G2 and Hep 3B hepatoma cell lines and exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity toward formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide generation by neutrophils with IC50=0.60±0.09μg/ml [11,13,14]. As the bark extract ofP.…”

“…In Ayurveda, various herbal plants like Terminalia arjuna (arjuna), Allium sativum (garlic), and Aegle marmelos (Bael) have been well documented for their cardio-protective potentials [10]. The most untouched plant in this category is Polyalthia longifolia, which has been shown to posses antimicrobial and anti-fungal, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing properties [11][12][13]. Besides other 23 known compounds and phytosteroids, different clerodane diterpenoids isolated from the bark of P. longifolia var.…”