Antimicrobial activity of untypical lipid compounds in the cuticular and internal lipids of four fly species

Gołębiowski, Marek; Cerkowniak, Magdalena; Urbanek, Aleksandra; Dawgul, Małgorzata; Kamysz, Wojciech; Boguś, Mieczysława I.; Sоsnowska, Danuta; Stepnowski, Piotr

doi:10.1111/jam.12370

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Azelaic acid is among the acids identified in the psyllid haemolymph. Indeed, this compound is abundant in the cuticular and internal lipids in flies (Gołębiowski et al ., ) and it is possible that azelaic acid is also excreted in the haemolymph of insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing

et al. 2016

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The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is currently threatening the citrus industry by transmitting the causative agent Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) of huanglongbing. Multiplication of CLas in haemolymph of D. citri indicates that it contains the necessary nutrients for CLas. Although many studies examine D. citri, the haemolymph composition of this dangerous pest remains to be investigated. In the present study, the haemolymph of D. citri is collected using a nanolitre syringe after the removal of one of its forelegs. The haemolymph is either derivatized with methyl chloroformate (MCF) or trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatizing reagent and analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Nineteen amino acids, two organic acids and seven fatty acids are detected in the haemolymph after MCF derivatization. More metabolites are detected after TMS derivatization. Sugars are the most abundant metabolites in the haemolymph. Glucose and fructose are the main monosaccharides. Trehalose and sucrose are the major disaccharides. Furthermore, three inositol isomers (myo‐inositol, scyllo‐inositol and chiro‐inositol) are detected in the haemolymph. Organic acids are found in low amounts, whereas phosphoric acid is found at a higher concentration. Twenty‐four nucleotides and sugar nucleotides, including ATP, ADP and AMP, are detected using high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography. Adenine nucleotides are the most abundant nucleotides followed by uridine and guanosine. The adenylate energy charge for the haemolymph is 0.77. Our results show that many metabolites found in the citrus phloem sap are also found in the haemolymph of D. citri.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing

et al. 2016

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“…It also exhibits weak antimicrobial activity against entomopathogenic fungi . Sebacic acid has been found in the cuticular lipids of C. vicina and S. carnaria pupae, and in the larvae of S. carnaria . This compound has demonstrated poor antimicrobial activity against reference strains of human pathogens and entomopathogenic fungi .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sebacic acid has been found in the cuticular lipids of C. vicina and S. carnaria pupae, and in the larvae of S. carnaria . This compound has demonstrated poor antimicrobial activity against reference strains of human pathogens and entomopathogenic fungi . Glutaric acid occurs in bacteria, lower fungi, algae, and higher plants .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This compound is also formed as an intermediate during the catabolism of lysine in mammals . Phenylacetic acid has been found in the lipids obtained from larvae of C. vomitoria , the pupae and larvae of S. carnaria , and from cuticular extracts of sawflies' imaginal stages . It has been identified in fruits , vegetative shoots of plants , exudates of Agave tequilana , and extracts of red wine vinegars .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Conidiobolus coronatus on the Cuticular and Internal Lipid Composition of Tettigonia viridissima Males

Gołębiowski

Cerkowniak

Ostachowska

et al. 2016

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Conidiobolus coronatus is an entomopathogenic fungus which has a potential as a biological control agent of insects. The cuticular and internal lipid composition of infected and noninfected Tettigonia viridissima males were analyzed by GC/MS. A total of 49 compounds were identified in the infected and noninfected males, including fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), n-alkanes, alcohols, sterols, and other organic compounds. The most abundant components of the cuticular and internal lipids of the insects were fatty acids. After exposure to C. coronatus, the cuticular lipids of the T. viridissima males contained 17 free fatty acids from C(8) to C(22), while the cuticular lipids of the noninfected insects contained only 15 fatty acids from C(12) to C(24). The cuticular and internal lipids of both the infected and the noninfected males also contained five FAMEs from C(15) to C(19), seven n-alkanes from C(25) to C(34), five alcohols from C(16) to C(25), five sterols, and the following six other organic compounds: azelaic acid, phenylacetic acid, glutaric acid, benzoic acid, sebacic acid, and glycerol. The compounds which were present only in the cuticular lipids of the infected males could be due to fungal infection.

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“…The antimicrobial activity of insects' cuticular lipids has been described frequently (Kerwin, 1982;Goł ȩbiowski et al, 2011Goł ȩbiowski et al, , 2014aGoł ȩbiowski et al, , 2015Gutierrez et al, 2015). The susceptibility or resistance of various insect species to fungal invasion may be the result of several factors, including the composition of the cuticular lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus on the composition of cuticular and internal lipids of Blatta orientalis females

et al. 2016

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The composition of cuticular and internal lipids in females of the cockroach Blatta orientalis L. exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus is investigated. The compositions of the fatty acids, n‐alkanes, alcohol, sterols and methyl esters in the lipids are chemically characterized. Although contact with virulent colonies of the fungus does not induce insect mortality, significant changes in the lipid profiles, both cuticular and internal, are found. The cuticular extracts of a control group of B. orientalis females contain 24 compounds varying in carbon chain length from C6 to C22. The main cuticular fatty acids identified are: C16:1, C16:0, C18:1 and C18:0. The cuticular lipids of B. orientalis females after exposure to C. coronatus contain only 14 free fatty acids from C8 to C20. The highest concentrations identified are C16:0, C18:2 and C18:1. Analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry identifies the presence of a homologous series of n‐alkanes containing from 25 to 31 carbon atoms. In the case of the insects after fungal exposure, the content of the n‐alkanes in the cuticular lipid is two‐fold higher compared with the controls. Of the cuticular lipids, 11 alcohols are found, ranging from C12:0 to C20:0. There is no presence of alcohols in the internal lipids of the control B. orientalis females and in all of the extracts from the B. orientalis females after fungal exposure. In the samples analyzed, the most common sterol is cholesterol. This is present in the cuticular lipids and the internal lipids of all of the insects sampled. The cuticular and internal lipids of females contain five fatty acid methyl esters, ranging in size from C15 to C19.

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Antimicrobial activity of untypical lipid compounds in the cuticular and internal lipids of four fly species

Cited by 38 publications

References 78 publications

Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing

Metabolomic analyses of the haemolymph of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, the vector of huanglongbing

Effect of Conidiobolus coronatus on the Cuticular and Internal Lipid Composition of Tettigonia viridissima Males

The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus on the composition of cuticular and internal lipids of Blatta orientalis females

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