Antimicrobial activity of the bufadienolides marinobufagin and telocinobufagin isolated as major components from skin secretion of the toad Bufo rubescens

Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of five bufadienolides in rat plasma after oral administration of Chansu extract by SPE-HPLC method

“…Since the first bufadienolide was isolated from squill, more than 250 natural products of this structure type have been found [4,5]. They have been reported to show significant activities in inducing the apoptosis against endometriosis and bladder carcinoma [6,7], inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines [8], the colchicine-resistant primary liver carcinoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 [9] and exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [10]. Meanwhile, as cardioactive steroids, bufadienolides are also observed to possess the adverse effects such as contribution to cardiomyopathy [11], impairment of renal tubular sodium-calcium exchange efficiency [12], and inhibition of testosterone secretion in male rat [13], etc.…”

Liu-Shen-Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine, improves survival in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture via reducing TNF-α levels, MDA content and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis

“…Since many antioxidants have been found to be beneficial to sepsis induced by CLP through the mechanism of reducing oxidant organ damage [ 13,30,35,42], it is likely that bilirubin acts similarly to contribute to the anti-septic effect of LSW. Toad venom, another constituent of LSW, has been used for various purulent infections and heart disease clinically because of immunoenhancing, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and cardiotonic activities [43][44][45]. Some studies further showed that water extracts of toad venom enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and monocyte activity [43,46].…”

Purification of active bufadienolides from toad skin by preparative reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with hydrophilic interaction chromatography

“…The skin of the toad Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor is an important source of bufadienolides and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of hepatoma, lung cancer, carcinoma [6]. Several methods, including thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have been used to isolate and purify bufadienolides from natural products [7][8][9][10]. Over 250 bufadienolides have been identified, but reports of stereoisomers are rare [11].…”